tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-58941097374975754902024-02-02T11:20:12.640-08:00Rubió i Tudurí On TourThe tour of the most famous gardens in Barcelona
The best webpage about N.M. Rubió i TuduríFrancisco Muñoz Martínezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11434950848591861690noreply@blogger.comBlogger17125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5894109737497575490.post-39023714356960449052011-03-16T15:19:00.000-07:002011-03-16T16:45:07.770-07:00Bibliography<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Bibliography</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">CAIXA, <i>El Jardí obra d'art. Barcelona: </i>La caixa de pensions, 1985 </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">VV.AA, <i>Nicolau Maria Rubió I Tuduri (1891-1981). Jardinero y urbanista</i>. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Josep Bosch (ed.) Madrid: Doce calles, 1993.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">RUBIÓ I TUDURI, N.M, <i>Quaderns d’Arquitectura i Urbanisme</i>. </span><span style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Barcelona: Publicacions del Colegi Oficial d’Arquitectes de Catalunya i Balears, 1982.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">RUBIÓ I TUDURI, N.M, “J.C.N. Forestier”. En: <i>Mirador</i>. Barcelona: 1930.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">RUBIÓ I TUDURI, N.M, “Els jardins de J.C.N. Forestier a tot el mon”. En: <i>D’Ací I d’Allà</i>. Barcelona: 1928.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;">Other sources:</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="CA" style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,375670355_376776313_2_712024454_detall,00.html?accioPJ=detall"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,375670355_376776313_2_712024454_detall,00.html?accioPJ=detall</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="CA" style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,375670355_376776313_2_711974445_detall,00.html?accioPJ=detall"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,375670355_376776313_2_711974445_detall,00.html?accioPJ=detall</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="CA" style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,375670355_376776313_2_959689493_detall,00.html?accioPJ=detall"><span lang="EN-US" style="line-height: 115%;">http://w3.bcn.es/XMLServeis/XMLHomeLinkPl/0,4022,375670355_376776313_2_959689493_detall,00.html?accioPJ=detall</span></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; line-height: 115%;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: small; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://www.upf.edu/iuhjvv/activitats/luna.pdf"><span lang="CA">http://www.upf.edu/iuhjvv/activitats/luna.pdf</span></a></span><span lang="CA" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"></span></div>Francisco Muñoz Martínezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11434950848591861690noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5894109737497575490.post-2730142620565824382011-03-16T15:00:00.000-07:002011-03-16T16:46:44.518-07:00A short brief of his style<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>RUBIÓ I TUDURÍ’S STYLE</b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: small;">It is interesting to divide Tudurí’s production in two phases in order to analyze its style.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-GB">1º phase (1917-1937): </span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: small;">We can find an initial landscape style followed by Italian and neo-arabian gardens. The influences of French garden (Forestier), the functionalism (Le Corbusier) and American architecture (Lloyd Wright) are quite notable. Its gardens are conformed by the idea of the “mediterranismo” and there is an evolution from the “noucentisme” to rationalism (Mies Van der Rohe).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-GB">2º phase (1945-1981):</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></b></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: small;">This is a phase clearly defined by the landscape gardens, very influenced by the English garden: Tudurí takes the English garden and uses it to create the Mediterranean landscape garden. He abandons Forestier’s eclecticism and his view of nature changes from an idea of design and control to an idea of respect and adaptation. Nature becomes a supreme value. He see in the garden not a space for ostentation but of peace.</span></div>Francisco Muñoz Martínezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11434950848591861690noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5894109737497575490.post-45811348250795217782011-03-16T14:24:00.000-07:002011-03-16T17:09:59.612-07:00Tudurí & Forestier (master)<h1 style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black;"> </span></span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">TUDURÍ & FORESTIER </span></span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white; font-size: small;"><br />
<br />
</span><span class="longtext" style="background-color: #93c47d; font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">Jean Claude Nicolas Forestier (Savoy, 1861-Paris, 1930) was a famous French architect who worked as curator of Paris parks and gardens from 1887 to 1927, carrying out the beautification of the city through reforms such as the Bagatelle Park </span><span lang="EN-GB">. <span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">He worked throughout Europe (Italy, Portugal), Morocco and several American cities (Buenos Aires, Havana, Mexico City and New York). He also worked in several Spanish cities, especially in Barcelona, </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;"></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">where their most important work were the reform of Maria Luisa Park (Seville) and the design of Montjuïc Park (Barcelona). </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(147, 196, 125); font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span class="longtext" style="font-size: small;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">Forestier and Tudurí met when the famous catalanist politician Cambó asked Forestier to design a park for the Barcelona International Exposition (1929). Forestier, searched an assistant and Tudurí’s father recommend his son, and introduced him to Forestier. From the very beginning, as he himself points out, Tudurí was impressed by the personality of Forestier: Tudurí considers him a hard worker, with a strong character –bad-tempered, sometimes– but very thorough and a great innovator. </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; font-size: small;"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat; font-size: small;">The loss of Cambó’s <span class="longtext">political weight made that Forestier was relegated to second place. With the advent of Primo de Rivera to power, Forestier was considered expendable, so he left for Paris. However, Forestier delegated its projects to Tudurí, and was very grateful to the with which Tudurí performed its projects for Barcelona. Tudurí met his master several times in Paris, in order to follow seriously Forestiers’ projects.</span></span></div><span class="longtext" style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-size: 14pt;"></span></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size: 14pt;"></span></span> <span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 14pt;"></span></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 14pt;"></span></span> <span style="font-size: large;"><span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB" style="color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"></span></span></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 14pt;"></span></span> <span lang="EN-GB" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"><span class="longtext"></span></span>Francisco Muñoz Martínezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11434950848591861690noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5894109737497575490.post-40388727999270364992011-02-23T01:28:00.000-08:002011-03-16T16:41:30.051-07:00Welcome to Rubió i Tudurí on tour<div align="center" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><br />
<div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US"> <span style="font-size: x-large;"><b>RUBIÓ I TUDURÍ ON TOUR</b></span></span></div><div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><br />
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</b></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjboWgHZInwazVcG2H5a144yi4I2nyz12MGX14oDosmwqh6em0fLfGDw4M3AY1xro-7mA3F1f_oWnZKwtBKvnPLeMEnlZ2WT757LEZDm8pjD3unQXOTdP4MNgHRpnVLiddk2GB75HunB1g/s400/1267729894_024e472cb9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjboWgHZInwazVcG2H5a144yi4I2nyz12MGX14oDosmwqh6em0fLfGDw4M3AY1xro-7mA3F1f_oWnZKwtBKvnPLeMEnlZ2WT757LEZDm8pjD3unQXOTdP4MNgHRpnVLiddk2GB75HunB1g/s320/1267729894_024e472cb9.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><br />
</div><div style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Welcome to our web page. Here you will find the information about Rubió i Tudurí you need. This web was created as a project for our university’s subject called "City and Urban World" in University Pompeu Fabra (UPF). The instructions of this project were to create a blog with a tour in Barcelona. That's why we have done it. A tour designed to take you into the different parks of Barcelona.</span></div></div><div align="center" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Its a topic to think that we have many green zones. We only have a few parks in Barcelona, and most of them are not very nice preservative as we thought.</span></div><div align="center" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Nicolau Maria Rubió i Tudurí was an architect master who made excellent parks. Almost all the parks we have were created by him.</span></div><div align="center" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Our tour proposes to see some of his parks, ten to be exactly. It’s an easy tour that you can do in three hours perfectly. In the first two places (Plaça Ferrer i Cajigal and plaça Letamendi) we didn’t have any information about the parks in the books we studied. We selected because the closeness to the other places, to have an easy and more quickly tour. The other places has a complete information about his parks.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div>Francisco Muñoz Martínezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11434950848591861690noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5894109737497575490.post-66251222767445314952011-02-19T04:29:00.001-08:002011-03-16T16:42:29.488-07:00Rubió i Tudurí Paintings<div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">In this part you will see <b>Nicolau Maria Rubió i Tudurí paintings for first time digitalized on internet</b>. </span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">This is a compilation of all his paintings from the books I studied, scanned. Then I used photoshop to resize all images and to improve his quality.</span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;">I created an account in <b>Flickr</b> and I uploaded his paintings. Just enjoy.</span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><object height="375" width="500"> <param name="flashvars" value="offsite=true&lang=es-us&page_show_url=%2Fphotos%2F59706482%40N04%2Fshow%2F&page_show_back_url=%2Fphotos%2F59706482%40N04%2F&user_id=59706482@N04&jump_to="></param><param name="movie" value="http://www.flickr.com/apps/slideshow/show.swf?v=71649"></param><param name="allowFullScreen" value="true"></param><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" src="http://www.flickr.com/apps/slideshow/show.swf?v=71649" allowFullScreen="true" flashvars="offsite=true&lang=es-us&page_show_url=%2Fphotos%2F59706482%40N04%2Fshow%2F&page_show_back_url=%2Fphotos%2F59706482%40N04%2F&user_id=59706482@N04&jump_to=" width="500" height="375"></embed></object></span></div>Francisco Muñoz Martínezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11434950848591861690noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5894109737497575490.post-3752539536231008512011-01-31T12:46:00.003-08:002011-03-16T16:48:10.287-07:00Final Stage: Monterols Gardens<div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span class="longtext"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">FINAL STAGE: MONTEROLS GARDENS</span></b></span><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;"><br />
<iframe frameborder="0" height="300" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.es/maps?f=d&source=s_d&saddr=jardins+de+la+tamarita&daddr=Spain+%28Pl+d%27Adri%C3%A0-Jardins+del+Tur%C3%B3+de+Monterols%29&geocode=FdfgdwIdCJogACkxnYqSD5ikEjFBlV1zTbPnhA%3BFaS7dwIdCKcgACE060wq9kj8KQ&hl=es&mra=pd&dirflg=w&sll=41.406747,2.160137&sspn=0.034441,0.077162&ie=UTF8&ll=41.406042,2.136841&spn=0.019313,0.029955&z=14&output=embed" width="350"></iframe><br />
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Estimated time from Tamarita to Monterols Park: 14 minutes<br />
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<span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">Is a green space on a slope that rises to 121 m. The sharp drop of land determines its course and gives a great personality, and has created a corner surrounded by lush vegetation which is quite comfortable. </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;"><br />
<span class="longtext">Several dirt roads lead us to the top of the hill, where we can enjoy great views over Barcelona. </span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB">The route is circular and communicates the different areas of the park. <span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">On both sides of the roads, large trees and significant shrub masses isolate this green space from the buildings which surround it. Therefore, the first thing you hear when entering is the birdsong, feeling of being away from the city. </span></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;"><br />
<span class="longtext">Everywhere there are rest areas with benches and shadow. The main park has a recreational area for dogs, very shady. </span><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span class="longtext"><b><span lang="EN-GB">(Vegetation) </span></b></span><b><span lang="EN-GB"><br />
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</span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">The trees are one of the main values of the park, which are essentially what there was originally in the field. We find cypress and oaks, one of which was planted in the early twentieth century and is in the Catalogue of interesting trees of </span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB">Barcelona. <span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">There are also huge carob trees, olive trees and a few almonds, the vestige of the agricultural history of Sant Gervasi, and shrubs.</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">The small depression that remains of what was once a quarry has been landscaped with native vegetation. Here, we find two Washingtonia palms very tall.</span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span class="longtext"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">(</span></b></span><span class="longtext"><b><span lang="EN-GB">Art & Architecture) </span></b></span><b><span lang="EN-GB"><br />
<br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">At the entrance from Gualbes Street, a stone fountain decorated with a relief of cherubs holding garlands of flowers and fruits, made by an unknown author stands. </span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span class="longtext"><b><span lang="EN-GB">History </span></b></span><b><span lang="EN-GB"><br />
<br />
</span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="longtext" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">The Turó de Monterols, also called Turo d’en Gil in the early last century by reference to a former owner, is one of the spaces designed by Nicolau M. Rubio i Tudurí. This hill was part of a former private estate with garden and forest. Monterols Park opened on July 8, 1947, and the author of the remodeling project was the architect and director of Parks and Gardens, Lluís Riudor i Carol.</span></span><span lang="EN-GB"></span></div><span class="longtext" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;"></span></span><span lang="EN-GB"></span>Francisco Muñoz Martínezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11434950848591861690noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5894109737497575490.post-20444601736639545322011-01-31T12:46:00.001-08:002011-03-16T16:35:03.789-07:00Stage 9: Tamarita Antique Private Garden<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span class="longtext"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">STAGE 9: TAMARITA GARDENS</span></b></span><br />
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<iframe frameborder="0" height="300" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.es/maps?f=d&source=s_d&saddr=Parc+del+Tur%C3%B3+del+Putget&daddr=jardins+de+la+tamarita&geocode=FcHbdwIdz7MgACGq9csOH1h9xg%3BFdfgdwIdCJogACkxnYqSD5ikEjFBlV1zTbPnhA&hl=es&mra=atm&sll=41.410838,2.140017&sspn=0.00861,0.01929&ie=UTF8&dirflg=w&ll=41.409068,2.139931&spn=0.009656,0.014977&z=15&output=embed" width="350"></iframe><br />
<small><a href="http://maps.google.es/maps?f=d&source=embed&saddr=Parc+del+Tur%C3%B3+del+Putget&daddr=jardins+de+la+tamarita&geocode=FcHbdwIdz7MgACGq9csOH1h9xg%3BFdfgdwIdCJogACkxnYqSD5ikEjFBlV1zTbPnhA&hl=es&mra=atm&sll=41.410838,2.140017&sspn=0.00861,0.01929&ie=UTF8&dirflg=w&ll=41.409068,2.139931&spn=0.009656,0.014977&z=15" style="color: blue; text-align: left;">Ver mapa más grande</a></small><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;"><br />
<span class="longtext">Estimated time to arrive at Tamarita from Pudget: 14 minutes </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiWgIxvrz9dtrHAYZp63xYtCtX5mt23x0IMaaJLkgYj3ZeVyWf7Gf4fZtSm746iInKf_L0-KKO1Jpwn2OHRhfMPWKSZYoUQPpk7GWi80ggodPKngz53N4a9TG0roIs67MQggBUYyWaebQ/s1600/gtamarita5_thb_med%25282%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiWgIxvrz9dtrHAYZp63xYtCtX5mt23x0IMaaJLkgYj3ZeVyWf7Gf4fZtSm746iInKf_L0-KKO1Jpwn2OHRhfMPWKSZYoUQPpk7GWi80ggodPKngz53N4a9TG0roIs67MQggBUYyWaebQ/s1600/gtamarita5_thb_med%25282%2529.jpg" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;"><span class="longtext">This private garden occupies an space surrounded by fences of stone and wrought iron built to save a space that was private and now public. These gardens are full of details. As we enter, we are welcomed by a semicircular pond fed by sources of small pumps, water plants and two terracotta lions on both sides. </span><br />
<span class="longtext">In the Tamarita we find everywhere discrete spaces protected by the shade of old trees, with small entries that invite to spend a while sitting on a bench. They are cool, as the source of "Granotes" at one end of the garden. </span><br />
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<b>(</b></span><span class="longtext"><b><span lang="EN-GB">Order and nature)</span></b></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB"><br />
<span class="longtext"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">The principal axis of the garden consists on a small walk surrounded by allegorical statues of America , Africa, Asia and Europe. It gets there by paths bordered by a dense and well myrtle cut into geometric compositions. In the centre the central square of the "Quatre Continents", there is a source In the upper part, a waterfall made with pumice and shells, as it was earlier in the background of many patios, fences the classic part of the garden. </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;"><br />
<span class="longtext">Beside this most orderly and regular classical part of the garden, there is another more natural and spontaneous, located in the back of the house. A large lawn leads to the most rugged area of the garden, very important since it is located in the stream of Frare Blanc. We</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB"> access there through an ornate pergola with vines. <span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">Between the children's play area and the entrance to the gardens, there is a path to walk along the old river. </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span class="longtext"><b><span lang="EN-GB">(Vegetation)</span></b></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB"><br />
<span class="longtext"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">There are plant specimens, both tree and shrub, frankly exceptional. Going to the right of the walk, which is the central piece of the gardens, at the beginning of the meadow, an oak (Quercus pubescens) stands: it is possibly the oldest tree in the garden. Apart from its age, is remarkable for a branch of exceptional measures, both the thickness and the length. </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">Playing the building that now houses Blanquerna Foundation, there are two huge yews (Taxus baccata) with a height over the ten meters. There are also several cypresses (Cupressus sempervirens) and bananas (Platanus hispanica) of large dimensions. It is also worthy looking at the big laurel (Laurus nobilis) and at some pittosporum (Pittosporum tobira) approaching the three meters in height, if not exceeded. </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span class="longtext"><b><span lang="EN-GB">(History) </span></b></span><span lang="EN-GB"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br />
<span lang="EN-GB"> <span class="longtext" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black;"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">When we go through the gate of the gardens Tamarita brings us memories of the bourgeoisie who built their mansions in the upper part of the city surrounded by gardens that steady. </span></span></span><br />
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% rgb(147, 196, 125); color: black;"> <span class="longtext">In this case it is a five-acre farm belonging to the family Craywinckel that in the early twentieth century was acquired by the cotton industrial Alfredo Mata. He built a mansion, that actually is the headquarter of the Foundation Blanquerna, surrounded by gardens whose design is considered one of the earliest works of </span></span><span class="longtext" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black;">Rubio i Tudurí. <span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">Mata built three houses for their children at the top of the farm, which currently does not belong to the gardens. </span></span></span><br />
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</span></span></div>Francisco Muñoz Martínezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11434950848591861690noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5894109737497575490.post-76496225025761996752011-01-31T12:45:00.000-08:002011-03-16T16:48:47.206-07:00Stage 8: Pudget gardens<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span class="longtext"><b><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">Stage 8: Pudget Gardens </span></b></span></span><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><iframe frameborder="0" height="300" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.es/maps?f=d&source=s_d&saddr=palau+de+pedralbes&daddr=Spain+%28El+Putxet%29&geocode=FWGBdwIdwlYgACnXZ3dmWZikEjHyD4d-uxDiIA%3BFQzUdwIdYKcgACG3bqj_C34iLg&hl=es&mra=ltm&dirflg=w&sll=41.39696,2.130395&sspn=0.034446,0.077162&ie=UTF8&ll=41.3969,2.130489&spn=0.038631,0.05991&z=13&output=embed" width="350"></iframe><br />
<small><a href="http://maps.google.es/maps?f=d&source=embed&saddr=palau+de+pedralbes&daddr=Spain+%28El+Putxet%29&geocode=FWGBdwIdwlYgACnXZ3dmWZikEjHyD4d-uxDiIA%3BFQzUdwIdYKcgACG3bqj_C34iLg&hl=es&mra=ltm&dirflg=w&sll=41.39696,2.130395&sspn=0.034446,0.077162&ie=UTF8&ll=41.3969,2.130489&spn=0.038631,0.05991&z=13" style="text-align: left;">Ver mapa más grande</a></small><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Estimated time to arrive 50 minutes walking at general Mitre.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;"></span></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifCRvyktu30MZQqPZyUDWsNsQe9QnQduAsyTzbaRaIBCbijH4eJsEh-E0atn7E22IysBMfVoW2ydi190Hdj7eaB_g0VpSdnv5A2E_iSk4GVJLkdCvTCA28vbL3c7XLQefglOiCrwJjirM/s1600/turdelputxet6.655.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifCRvyktu30MZQqPZyUDWsNsQe9QnQduAsyTzbaRaIBCbijH4eJsEh-E0atn7E22IysBMfVoW2ydi190Hdj7eaB_g0VpSdnv5A2E_iSk4GVJLkdCvTCA28vbL3c7XLQefglOiCrwJjirM/s320/turdelputxet6.655.jpg" width="212" /></a></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXyaghGKZo8UWtOQJtjtd-vSuT5fuSOM2hGTEhQ_eW_KjEiJXWkGTzwIRMJVU44FdOxokexusnfp-np6JdgyT_zI4jIV3lxIJKQ8SO_bh_P8SM5OoLpyagJNjpyfaz0gAuhfKyzHD-kz8/s1600/turdelputxet64.554.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXyaghGKZo8UWtOQJtjtd-vSuT5fuSOM2hGTEhQ_eW_KjEiJXWkGTzwIRMJVU44FdOxokexusnfp-np6JdgyT_zI4jIV3lxIJKQ8SO_bh_P8SM5OoLpyagJNjpyfaz0gAuhfKyzHD-kz8/s320/turdelputxet64.554.jpg" width="212" /></a></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9oOELx5y18j3Ms5eA-zY9rRf8VjV_CDZqnRhizOiXQQh5g1sRLRrz2ADVNIQMfwedP8kepYmyGO34PHvNgYT4t8eWe6XOd5UmP5ouWW7SzA7rOCHBSTIv8lgGHwkyaSdoTvVgO2Lzg2E/s1600/turdelputxet.040.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9oOELx5y18j3Ms5eA-zY9rRf8VjV_CDZqnRhizOiXQQh5g1sRLRrz2ADVNIQMfwedP8kepYmyGO34PHvNgYT4t8eWe6XOd5UmP5ouWW7SzA7rOCHBSTIv8lgGHwkyaSdoTvVgO2Lzg2E/s320/turdelputxet.040.jpg" width="212" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;"><br />
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<span class="longtext">Have one of the most privileged panoramic view of Barcelona. Thanks to this fact, and to their varied and abundant vegetation species and their sheltered resting green places, give the gardens their personality. Despite the hard inclination of the terrain, the fact is that these gardens are a great place to walk. This is why the neighbours of the neighbourhood of Putget Farró often cross these gardens, avoiding traffic while enjoying lush vegetation. </span><br />
<span class="longtext">Many macadam roads, all interconnected, cross the gardens and occasionally expand to create living areas, small squares with benches for resting or reading</span></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB">. <span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">There are also enough large spaces. The panoramic view from the summit of the gardens allows enjoying an exceptional image of Barcelona: Tibidabo, Collserola, Montjuic, the plain of the Llobregat, etc. </span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span class="longtext"><b><span lang="EN-GB">(Vegetation)</span></b></span><span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB"></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB">There is a good proportion between hardwoods and conifers, the flowerbeds and shrubs, as well as perennials and seasonal species. </span></span><span lang="EN-GB"><br />
<span class="longtext">Vegetation changes depending on the sunlight. <span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">This does not mean, however, the vegetation loses quality at all in the upper part of the gardens, where sunlight is less. A good example is the exceptional and towering conifers of the upper part: pines (Pinus halepensis), the stone pines (Pinus pinea) and Himalayan cedars (Cedrus deodara).There are also oak (Quercus ilex) and olive (Olea europaea). </span></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;"><br />
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</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">As we are pulling down: mimosa (Acacia dealbata, Acacia melanoxylon and Acacia retinodes) pinewood (Melia azederach) and acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia). There are also false pepper (Schinus molle) and a paradise tree (Elaeagnus angustifolia), among many other tree species. </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">In the squares: rosewood (Tipuana types), pagoda tree (Sophora japonica), hackberry (Celtis australis), some bananas (Platanus x hispanica) and palm trees, quite down at the entrance to the garden, where are a few copies-of-force lush palm (Chamaerops humilis) and yucca (Yucca elephantipes). The Cypress has the majority (Cupressocyparis leylandii, Cupressus glabra, Cupressus macrocarpa and Cupressus sempervirens). </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">Exceptionally, we can find shrubs mixed with rare species as the Limoniastrum monopetalum, the Lobelia laxiflora, and the Senecio lineatus.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span class="longtext"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;"><br />
(</span><span class="longtext"><b><span lang="EN-GB">History)</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-GB"><br />
<span class="longtext"><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;">The Putget is a small mountain of 178 m that extends between Vallcarca and Sant Gervasi. The earliest traces of settlement have been known to place around 1870, when the Barcelona bourgeoisie began to build towers to keep away from the urban conditions of the old Barcelona. </span></span><span style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;"><br />
The <span class="longtext">land of Gardens was part of the former “Spain Tower”, owned by the family Morato. The year 1917 was included in the planning of green areas.</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="longtext" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black;"><span lang="EN-GB" style="-moz-background-clip: border; -moz-background-origin: padding; -moz-background-size: auto auto; background-attachment: scroll; background-image: none; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat;"> </span></span></div><span lang="EN-GB" style="background: none repeat scroll 0% 0% white;"> <br />
</span></div>Francisco Muñoz Martínezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11434950848591861690noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5894109737497575490.post-72592079556614467752011-01-31T12:44:00.001-08:002011-03-16T16:49:12.759-07:00Stage 7: The Royal Palace of Pedralbes<div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span lang="EN-US">The gardens of the Royal Palace at</span></b></span></div><h1 style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;">Pedralbes* (Barcelona) 1925-1927 By Nicolau M. Rubió i Tudurí</span></h1><h2 style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><iframe frameborder="0" height="300" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.es/maps?f=d&source=s_d&saddr=Residencia+Turo+Park+S.l.,+Plaza+Francesc+Maci%C3%A0,+Barcelona&daddr=palau+de+pedralbes&geocode=FXycdwIdELkgACE5UVMADTZ4ig%3BFWGBdwIdwlYgACnXZ3dmWZikEjHyD4d-uxDiIA&hl=es&mra=ltm&dirflg=w&sll=41.389753,2.131948&sspn=0.017225,0.038581&ie=UTF8&ll=41.389753,2.131948&spn=0.019318,0.029955&z=14&output=embed" width="350"></iframe><br />
<a href="http://maps.google.es/maps?f=d&source=embed&saddr=Residencia+Turo+Park+S.l.,+Plaza+Francesc+Maci%C3%A0,+Barcelona&daddr=palau+de+pedralbes&geocode=FXycdwIdELkgACE5UVMADTZ4ig%3BFWGBdwIdwlYgACnXZ3dmWZikEjHyD4d-uxDiIA&hl=es&mra=ltm&dirflg=w&sll=41.389753,2.131948&sspn=0.017225,0.038581&ie=UTF8&ll=41.389753,2.131948&spn=0.019318,0.029955&z=14" style="text-align: left;">Ver mapa más grande</a></span> </h2><h2 style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><span style="font-size: small;">Estimated time from Turó Park to Royal Palace of Pedralbes: 14 minutes with trambaix</span></h2><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8AfNnCiRjFadul7UyjzuRkHSLA_u5qt6sHA97Jx1UwU5YC1_MVSTcxAkEdwHJzRqeHgb-BwrO6y8H7TkMOqbxgKBzlaIdRhM8GX_88_-KtrsFq88XRWlGJyITDGCSGuUDGpx-qs7spmQ/s1600/pedralbes+croquis.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8AfNnCiRjFadul7UyjzuRkHSLA_u5qt6sHA97Jx1UwU5YC1_MVSTcxAkEdwHJzRqeHgb-BwrO6y8H7TkMOqbxgKBzlaIdRhM8GX_88_-KtrsFq88XRWlGJyITDGCSGuUDGpx-qs7spmQ/s320/pedralbes+croquis.jpg" width="310" /></a></span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKXziVNmhCYWEsYTPtKraFdn-KmKg9Y8Rj4kvTmfodEFDl4QQ2XHFYIt_3mgus1V223kfIcgUhRskKtrVmC-lDhoy1IRg5cH5Pm3UpD8QVpklqgWr3HVjOKINtjImzbMZ4Gz2ak3T1lz8/s1600/P1000893.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKXziVNmhCYWEsYTPtKraFdn-KmKg9Y8Rj4kvTmfodEFDl4QQ2XHFYIt_3mgus1V223kfIcgUhRskKtrVmC-lDhoy1IRg5cH5Pm3UpD8QVpklqgWr3HVjOKINtjImzbMZ4Gz2ak3T1lz8/s320/P1000893.JPG" width="320" /></a></span></div><h2 style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"> </span></h2><h2 style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;"> </span></h2><h2 style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Head Architect of the Barcelona Public Parks</span></h2><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Barcelona</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> can offer a new monument to the curiosity of those who visit her: the Royal Palace at Pedralbes. Above all, the gardens which belong to it can be easily visited since the Corporation has obtained, as a concession from the Royal Household, the power to give invitations so that the public might visit them. In a sense, then, the Palace park will be o a semi-public nature, as are royal parks elsewhere, and at least in this sense, it is of interest to the readers of our journal. It is not the responsibility of the author of this e article to criticize the gardens in question either <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">favorably or unfavorably. He will limit himself, </span>therefore, to describing them as far as is necessary in <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">jo </span>order to clarify what the accompanying plan states in he graphical terms. The gardens look on to the Avenue of Alfonso XIII, where the wide road opens out in the shape of vast lawns, they benefit from the gentle, pun air which appears to be a privilege of the slopes of the mountain of St. Peter the Martyr. During the fast planting of the greater part of the palace gardens, carried out in the months of April and May in 1925, it was curious to see how the people who were involved in the task, instead of fleeing from the place when lunchtime arrived, as is customary, they remained behind to enjoy the air and peace which; then invaded the park. A major part of the qualities which these gardens may be considered to possess must be attributed to the charm of the environment in Pedralbes where a little “atmospheric miracle”, so to speak, seems to take place, exceptionally pleasant, even taking into consideration the generally pleasant climate in Barcelona. The area covered by the park is approximately in seven and a half hectares, of which almost seven are not built on. It contains a large number of old trees which existed in the old Güell garden, on which the new one was traced, which the reader can see in the map. The adaptation of a previous estate to a new garden project constitutes a delicate operation and one which requires long, detailed studies.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">All the interesting trees must be respected and for a friend of plants there will be few that will not be considered worthy of interest. At the same time, in the garden of the Pedralbes Palace, it was essential to order the layout on geometrical lines, especially in the parts which might be considered ceremonial, destined to be seen by people going to the Palace on reception days or festive occasions.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">These geometrical pieces are mainly constituted by the main axis in the garden, the Lime Tree Walk with a grassy area or central carpet, by the transverse axis, with lime trees also planted there, and by the walks and flowerbeds which are closely related to these axes.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">But apart from the gardens on a large scale, laid out with a decorative geometry in mind, the Park of the Royal Palace at Pedralbes contains a series of retreats, of “scenes”, as the Marquis of Girardin and the lovers of the pictorial garden would refer to them <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">in the eighteenth century. The old lesson of Louis XIV </span>and of his successors to the French Crown, is too hard to be forgotten. Tired of contemplating the montonous geometry of their superb gardens, they would take refuge in tiny niches in the landscape like <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the “Petit Trianon”. The Tennis Pavilion, hidden </span>among the trees, has a familiar air, with retreats similar to the French parks; in another spot, a great pine tree, planted in the middle of a lawn, provides the setting for a row of cypress tress and statues of the Italian garden style. Moreover, the gardens also have a pond with aquatic plants, a shaded place for plants, a garden of boxwood shaped into figures, a coomb shaded by large trees, etc.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">A project concerned with planting collections of interesting plants from time to time in the Park of the Royal Palace at Pedralbes is under study, so that those who are fond of gardens can find an example in them. These plantings would be of great use to the city and would no doubt attract a large number of visitors.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">(*) Pamphlet belonging to the Revista Nacional de Horticultura, Year V, nº 14, January 1927.</span></div><h3 style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: x-small;">Captions</span></h3><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Pieces from the fountain-cascade which rests on the lawn ramps. The whole rises on what used to be wheat fields.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: x-small; letter-spacing: -0.4pt;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: x-small;">The park boundaries fuse with the vegetation creating a sense of continuity.</span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: x-small; letter-spacing: -0.6pt;">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: x-small;">A shaded place for plants created by Antoni Gaudi when he took <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">part in the alterations to the Palace, the old Giiell property </span>(1884-1887).</span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: x-small; letter-spacing: -0.6pt;">4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: x-small;">A carpet of ivy under the old avenue of lime trees.</span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: x-small; letter-spacing: -0.7pt;">5.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: x-small;">Apollo rises above the double wall of greenery in this niche <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">which contains clear “noucentista” references.</span></span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: x-small; letter-spacing: -0.7pt;">6.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: x-small;">The allusions to Granada are latent in the setting-out of the flowerpots which surround the pond, in front of the Palace.</span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; font-size: x-small; letter-spacing: -1.1pt;">7.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: x-small;">“The main charms of these gardens come from a “je ne sais quoi” around them, from the air and the light, which the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">gardening work has been extremely fortunate in preserving.” </span>(Rubió)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10pt;"></span></div>Francisco Muñoz Martínezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11434950848591861690noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5894109737497575490.post-73726828698130491422011-01-31T12:43:00.002-08:002011-03-16T16:49:53.650-07:00Stage 6. Turó park<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: large;">The Turó Gardens* (Barcelona) 1934</span></div><h2 align="center" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: large;">By Nicolau M. Rubio i Tuduri</span></h2><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;"><br />
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</div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US">I am avoiding the use of “park”. In London, together with the buildings in which they are enclosed, they would be known as squares. Not because they are square in shape but because of their urban purpose. What they are, in fact, is a small green space encrusted in the mass of living area.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">For reasons of both size and characteristics, I think that the square constitutes a typical instance of what did not exist in Barcelona and what there should be plenty of. We have already stated how the idea of Cerdà, the author of the “Eixample”, was shipwrecked in the treacherous water of urban sordidness. Cerdà did not project, to say it emphatically, a single square; but he wanted to make every quarter, with its blocks in the “Eixample” area of Barcelona, a garden. But only blocks have been formed, and Barcelona was left without gardens in her quarters and without squares. Let us try to go back to the idea of the square-type urban gardens which separate one set of blocks from another by means of garden spaces.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">The land on which the Turó is situated comes from old property which had been made into a fairground and which was very popular during the early years of the century. In 1917, the so-called “Plan de Enlaces” (Connections Plan), laid down that the Turó should be an open space. Up until 1931, one Corporation after another denied itself the pleasure of paying the owners of the Turó the price for this projected open space. The obligation not to build continued. In 1931, the owners agreed to give up a large part of their land free for it to be devoted to open spaces provided that the Corporation suspended the obligation which lay on the rest of the land. Then the urban problem came into the hands of the present author and the square, the centre of which was to be the Turó gardens, was born. The limited nature of the land to which we had to adapt ourselves gave rise to the more or less trapezoidal form in the plan.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">If the Corporation had wanted to, it could have paid compensation to the owners and have succeeded in reducing the height of the surrounding blocks. Be that as it may, whoever visits the area will soon become aware of the residential nature of the compound which has been formed. All excess traffic had to be diverted. Here we were counting on two collector roads: Calvet Street, to the east, and Ganduxer Street, to the west. The thoroughfares —not streets— which surround the gardens, are only for the use of people living in the houses next to them. Thus <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the narrow nature of these thoroughfares is explained. </span>Unfortunately, the fact that the whole length of Ganduxer Street has not yet been finished interferes with the urban purpose of the square. But the inconvenience will pass, and then the Turó gardens, surrounded by extremely homogeneous modern property (the effort made at the right time to create a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">uniform type in all the façades was unsuccessful), will </span>offer an example of a city solution that, in contrast, will make us understand better than ever just how much material of this kind is missing in Barcelona and what may possibly be missing in the future city, if a solution is not found soon.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">As for the gardens, considered in themselves, it should be said that they were conceived with the distribution of the sun in mind, once the surrounding property was built to the height it was going to reach.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">Thus, the flowers and most delicate plants occupy the east part of the open space, where the shade from the built-up south-west wing is not cast whilst the west is occupied by plants and other pieces which do not need so much direct sunlight. I think that the visitor’s attention may be drawn by the entrance, where the artistic effect is rich, thanks to the piling up of <i>Cupressus </i>trimmed in conical-trunk fashion. On the right, there is a small garden somewhat sunk into the ground, where water falls from a small decorative pond which marks the beginning of the flowerbed. The figure that adorns the pond in question comes from the old, lost “Jardí del General” (General’s Garden).</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">Next, behind the pond, the land rises. Two ramps, crowned by lime trees, already a part of the former layout, lead to the upper flowerbed. It is enclosed between two rows of magnolias. At the end of the view, against a backcloth of plants which need moist soil, bronze horses, work of the sculptor Borrell i Nicolau, were placed.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">To the right of this more or less even whole, there is room for children’s games, part of it enclosed by high wire netting so that small customers may throw balls freely, without them harming the plants.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">The gardens are completed by a grassy area, extremely large, at the north-east angle, the object of which is to ensure an area of relative peace and quiet. People who are reading alone and others chatting together are those who are usually to be found on the seats and benches of the walks that surround the grassy area.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">From the previous description it may be deduced that when we planned the Turó gardens, we did not intend to create a geometric or decorative piece. The existence of remarkable groups of old trees limited our possibilities along geometric lines. We thought about the matter for some time. Much more was at stake than the future of a mere open space and very much more than a shallow question of personal prestige. At root, what we were doing was to place on the table of Barcelona’s urban development, and for ten or twenty years ahead, a card which had to be an “ace”.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">It will be for God to judge whether we have succeeded.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Today, walking through the Turó gardens, and </span><span lang="EN-US">seeing the’brick facades of the modern blocks appearing among the pine trees, I feel that this is precisely what responds best to the purpose of the project. When the Turó really becomes a square, when the periphery and surroundings are all completed, and above all, when gardens in other quarters appear alongside it, in a constellation, over the districts towards which the city is now growing, these gardens will reveal themselves in their true light and capacity. Then, a fair number of the excess amount of customers who today overwhelm it will have flown towards other more recent and rural <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">parks. Left for the Turó will be those who should stay: </span>the inhabitants of the district itself.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US">It is to be hoped that the neighbours will not be displeased that, there, in a small space, play areas for children, a garden for flowers, pleasant shade and a relatively quiet grassy area have been prepared for them. Perhaps one of the owners or tenants of the blocks that surround the gardens will struggle against the trees that cover the façades that take a little sun away from them. Others will defend them, let’s hope so; and in these others we trust, as in our best friends.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><i><span style="font-size: 10pt;">(*) “Jardines Públicos de Barcelona”. (Unpublished.)</span></i></div><h3 align="center" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 10pt;">Caption</span></i></h3><div align="center" class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><i><span lang="EN-US">1. The water-lily pond.</span></i></div>Francisco Muñoz Martínezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11434950848591861690noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5894109737497575490.post-8931578712814352622011-01-31T12:43:00.000-08:002011-03-16T16:50:26.858-07:00Stage 5: Francesc Macià Square<h4 style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: large;">Francesc Macia Square</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: large;">* (Barcelona) 1926</span></h4><h2 style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: large;">By Nicolau M. Rubio i Tuduri</span></h2><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">“The study of that garden and of the complex of the crossroads gave rise to the whole urban system of the area in question with its symmetrically slanting avenues at each side of the Diagonal, as well as the connecting up of one of them with the Turo system.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">I understand that the garden of the said Square is at the present time the one that public taste prefers.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Two ideas, a technical one and an artistic one, are fused in it. The latter comes from the name Urgell which, being that of the street which comes to rest there, it seemed it should also have been given to the square and garden. In fact, it is the name of the Count of Urgell. The unlucky one. A sense of melancholy, —vague, a lot of water has run under the bridge since the period in which the count was unhappy—, it must have pervaded the garden; better said, a pathetic peace, that of a reclining meadow, of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">sleeping waters, a few cypresses holding a sentimental </span>dialogue midst the trees. This is how it was made, and it is worthy of note that all the names that have been given to the square, including the present one <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of Calvo Sotelo <sup>(1)</sup>, have not been removed from the </span>idea of “misfortune”, that inspired the creation of the garden.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">From the technical point of view, a particular effect had to be produced: to hide, with masses of vegetation, the dislocation of alignments which, in the two directions, the knocking off centre of the new avenue’s visual axis produced. The task demanded a technical attention which might well have put an end to the melancholic sentiment which has been referred to above.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">I believe that the garden in Calvo Sotelo Square conjures up a landscape which responds to the Latin spirit. I also feel that it cannot be explained by means of arguments, just as it cannot be denied with other arguments either. The rest of the Diagonal gardens were meant to spread out in a sash of the same width, as far as the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Royal</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> Palace</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">. The danger of monotony was obvious. We were obliged to work at avoiding this.</span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Instead of planting the sash in a continuous fashion, it seemed better to cut it by means of small intercalated squares. The continuous garden would have responded, technically speaking, to the idea of a longitudinal walk. But, as we saw earlier, the Barcelona problem as regards a lack of gardens to rest in requires the setting up of such gardens wherever possible. Thus the solution, single and varied, in the gardening of our avenue. Each piece of planted sash is of a different length; each small square too. But, moreover, what has been planted differs from one garden to the other. Because, indeed, each small square with its two beds, forms an individualized garden.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">With the above solution or, rather, group o</span><span style="font-size: small; height: 102px; left: 0px; margin-left: 644px; margin-top: 374px; position: absolute; width: 6px; z-index: 1;"><img height="102" src="file:///D:/DOCUME%7E1/ADMINI%7E1/CONFIG%7E1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif" width="6" /></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">f solutions, the city dweller who wishes to rest finds his appropriate niche, and he can change it every day, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">whilst the passer-by files past a succession of “scenes” </span>or landscapes which are fairly varied; which may constitute an incentive to go for a walk. Of course monumental unity suffers. How often must we content ourselves with choosing between two evils!</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Many of those partial gardens are reduced to trees: pine trees in a copse, for instance, or masses of <i>Cupresus macrocarpa, </i>etc. But others present concentrated landscapes. In one of them an attempt was made to imitate a meadow in the Catalan mountains, with stones and plants which are typical of the area. Over there, a scene of cypresses, orange and laurel trees, and other plants that are representative of the Mediterranean garden, can be seen. A flowerbed contains plants which are clipped in the topiary fashion. Over there, some palm tree “scenes”.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">At the crossroads with the Avenue of Carles III, the general planting system is interrupted to give way to an ordinary garden, neither better nor worse than many municipal gardens to be found in large cities. In front of the Pedralbes Palace, the inexorable rectilinear form of the alignments along the “Diagonal” is not softened by any widening. We had to imagine something which would “appear” to create that widening. Meanwhile, we conquered, almost by live force, the traffic space next to the facade. Later we planned the large grassy areas, void of bulky plants. Our great concern lay in hiding the Palace wall, so that as far as was possible the gardens within the Palace were visually joined to those without, on the Avenue.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">From the Royal Palace on, a change should take place. We felt, that is, those of us who were working on the great Diagonal artery in Barcelona over the years 1926-1930, that although it was important to maintain the unity of the avenue, not differentiating the constitutive parts would be a mistake. The Royal Palace could then be considered as a partial end to the walk. The Avenue became “more garden” after it.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">The Parks Department had a greater influence on this new part of the “Diagonal” than on the previous part. Any average observer will notice it. Plantings occupy both sides of the roadway. The pavement became narrower and, instead, a fairly large park-type path was planned, the one that weaves in and out of the gardens today. The sash belonging to these gardens is much wider than along the rest of the avenue; and it is treated as a whole, like a continuous landscape.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">(‘) A piece from “Jardines públicos de Barcelona”. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">(Unpublished.) (1) Now known as Francesc Macia.</span></div><h3 style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Caption</span></h3><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">The structure of the new landscape offered to us by Rubio in this square is an explosion of the urban “clearing in the wood”.</span></i></span></div>Francisco Muñoz Martínezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11434950848591861690noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5894109737497575490.post-65311767372426452622011-01-31T12:41:00.001-08:002011-03-16T16:56:40.357-07:00Stage 4: Salvador Espriu Gardens<div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black;"><br />
</div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;">Stage 4: Salvador Espriu Gardens</span></span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black;"><br />
</div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><iframe frameborder="0" height="290" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.es/maps?f=d&source=s_d&saddr=Templo+de+la+Sagrada+Familia,+C%2F+MALLORCA,+401,+08013+Barcelona&daddr=Pla%C3%A7a+de+Joan+Carles+I,+Barcelona,+Catalu%C3%B1a&geocode=Fe3DdwId3SshACmT-z3Y3KKkEjFX7sho2GCc_g%3BFaepdwIdAPMgACkjKTevlqKkEjGTFr8M5L2Wqg&hl=es&mra=pd&dirflg=r&ttype=dep&date=28%2F02%2F11&time=20:41&noexp=0&noal=0&sort=def&sll=41.491092,2.227478&sspn=0.550337,1.234589&ie=UTF8&start=0&ll=41.399347,2.166281&spn=0.018671,0.030041&z=14&output=embed" width="350"></iframe></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><small><a href="http://maps.google.es/maps?f=d&source=embed&saddr=Templo+de+la+Sagrada+Familia,+C%2F+MALLORCA,+401,+08013+Barcelona&daddr=Pla%C3%A7a+de+Joan+Carles+I,+Barcelona,+Catalu%C3%B1a&geocode=Fe3DdwId3SshACmT-z3Y3KKkEjFX7sho2GCc_g%3BFaepdwIdAPMgACkjKTevlqKkEjGTFr8M5L2Wqg&hl=es&mra=pd&dirflg=r&ttype=dep&date=28%2F02%2F11&time=20:41&noexp=0&noal=0&sort=def&sll=41.491092,2.227478&sspn=0.550337,1.234589&ie=UTF8&start=0&ll=41.399347,2.166281&spn=0.018671,0.030041&z=14" style="text-align: left;">Ver mapa más grande</a></small></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;">Estimated time to arrive from Sagrada Familia: 15 minutes with Line 5</div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqh1HXr_VqIaPQ0gS95ujXpylSGZf3SkGUHvse0tFsaabEu2I7vLHiQyM7YvBWv-GAYraE3vYzypur-svdN23KdQeGOaeGhhyphenhyphen7cPifUkDL7ylDO8Pz-WdOsxaTqGEjv4fHxk-4EMCmDJg/s1600/P1000705.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqh1HXr_VqIaPQ0gS95ujXpylSGZf3SkGUHvse0tFsaabEu2I7vLHiQyM7YvBWv-GAYraE3vYzypur-svdN23KdQeGOaeGhhyphenhyphen7cPifUkDL7ylDO8Pz-WdOsxaTqGEjv4fHxk-4EMCmDJg/s320/P1000705.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><br />
</div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiItUKWjph-Yvd5Zjnd2iX2WT5gnW5k-bxbdIU8WrjiXU8dme9ffIiSF4gGy4nKmTzyerH6hqszZ0sbv6pwrNWJn_DEHbymjAdMvpljqU78us8q4lyJEvqtDHh9j46PRfzuEc3K4zrqs3I/s1600/P1000708.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiItUKWjph-Yvd5Zjnd2iX2WT5gnW5k-bxbdIU8WrjiXU8dme9ffIiSF4gGy4nKmTzyerH6hqszZ0sbv6pwrNWJn_DEHbymjAdMvpljqU78us8q4lyJEvqtDHh9j46PRfzuEc3K4zrqs3I/s320/P1000708.JPG" width="320" /></a></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; text-align: center;"><br />
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</div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black;">Is a place near the obelisc. Another place wicht is nearly asphalted beacuse the parking. But still there is some green zone. A pair of statues, a woman figure "in thinking romantic position", is a momument dedicated to Pompeu Fabra. There is still one fountain. It connects the Diagonal with the antique neightborhood of Gracia. </div>Francisco Muñoz Martínezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11434950848591861690noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5894109737497575490.post-25191275318469242782011-01-31T12:40:00.000-08:002011-03-16T16:57:33.628-07:00Stage 3: Gaudí Square (Sagrada Família Garden)<div align="center" class="MsoBodyText" style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGLQEsqHEqnigLd4sI9Y6ZFbBZ5ozR0gGtxxQ_Ds0hhNC5l1MGqoVUxNBh3u8thKK-VmlH8xu5yjuvRbQKqs8p6qJ66_rHi0GjSrb56o5wKx9dIwt2zhVLvHWzQE-fXq7TG6p8LS9yRCo/s1600/P1000665.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhGLQEsqHEqnigLd4sI9Y6ZFbBZ5ozR0gGtxxQ_Ds0hhNC5l1MGqoVUxNBh3u8thKK-VmlH8xu5yjuvRbQKqs8p6qJ66_rHi0GjSrb56o5wKx9dIwt2zhVLvHWzQE-fXq7TG6p8LS9yRCo/s320/P1000665.JPG" width="320" /></a></span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Now we move into Gaudí Square. The time from Letamendi’s to Gaudí Square is like 27 minutes walking. Follow the route in Google maps. This is the hardest part of walking in our tour, and it’s only nearly 30 minutes.</span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><iframe frameborder="0" height="295" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.es/maps?f=d&source=s_d&saddr=Pla%C3%A7a+del+Doctor+Letamendi,+Barcelona,+Catalu%C3%B1a&daddr=SAGRADA+FAMILIA,+Barcelona&geocode=FaaNdwIdl_ggACkJXbTIjaKkEjH7-QH_Z5CeKQ%3BFe3DdwId3SshACmT-z3Y3KKkEjFX7sho2GCc_g&hl=es&mra=pd&dirflg=w&sll=41.426185,2.183959&sspn=0.137723,0.308647&ie=UTF8&ll=41.397158,2.165079&spn=0.018994,0.030041&z=14&output=embed" width="350"></iframe></span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://maps.google.es/maps?f=d&source=embed&saddr=Pla%C3%A7a+del+Doctor+Letamendi,+Barcelona,+Catalu%C3%B1a&daddr=SAGRADA+FAMILIA,+Barcelona&geocode=FaaNdwIdl_ggACkJXbTIjaKkEjH7-QH_Z5CeKQ%3BFe3DdwId3SshACmT-z3Y3KKkEjFX7sho2GCc_g&hl=es&mra=pd&dirflg=w&sll=41.426185,2.183959&sspn=0.137723,0.308647&ie=UTF8&ll=41.397158,2.165079&spn=0.018994,0.030041&z=14" style="text-align: left;">Ver mapa más grande</a></span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">This zone is located between Mallorca and Provença for one hand and Sardenya and Lepant streets on the other hand. So the park occupied two zones called “illas”. </span></div></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQfnkUhawTwaU2xZ9GR4L0CCUA3FKxjfb8aj3Kx3Il4ops4mIpL0tN3ae3z_vS9D37FkJlRhbO_cSy5JxE57Mvu89X3kOZBqYTzO1Z_lf7HjeLJF8TlTscEuHz-MBKoBzkqBzpBNJH744/s1600/P1000666.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQfnkUhawTwaU2xZ9GR4L0CCUA3FKxjfb8aj3Kx3Il4ops4mIpL0tN3ae3z_vS9D37FkJlRhbO_cSy5JxE57Mvu89X3kOZBqYTzO1Z_lf7HjeLJF8TlTscEuHz-MBKoBzkqBzpBNJH744/s320/P1000666.JPG" width="320" /></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">As we can see in the photo, it’s not just a place to enjoy the Sagrada Família, it’s a place to relax at the square too, for the tourist and for the local people. Seems there is a romantic connection between the Gaudí square and Sagrada Família. It’s just ridiculous what the “ajuntament” of Barcelona was nearly to destroy the entire green zone and construct another parking. The REAL problem is that Barcelona centers all tourism in Sagrada Família, and that’s why the traffic seems to explode. They cannot destroy the park, because is one of the unique green zones situated in the center of Barcelona. </span></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXPwerBSS8NUa-rXPnSVRdF1tB-ppRnwz78-CiMhQycBqe3hBv6WBNBGOCqeQslPy2t7sqnHgoDL9fl9aH_VU1ci-nsFrAZLIOlGeBQUSFwtOQ1PhN8p0nifpt9GSjeANEbMK8mn7Cg4s/s1600/P1000673.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">It's a special place too because of the special trees we can find (photo 1 and photo 2).</span><br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjculmWiYo9A3AQYQ2fwfZ7hApWURJKt9zUm145a7onJd-Yb3h9p0uK3Lh8uJX9RwWEwHd7MxhtjeSqxxjgubQC05EUsgmzUm_KiJEEy8GtiBQqXLbR3RLUYZUH0Pg4JwwOlrw6YFXWDPY/s1600/disseny+sagrada+familia+.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjculmWiYo9A3AQYQ2fwfZ7hApWURJKt9zUm145a7onJd-Yb3h9p0uK3Lh8uJX9RwWEwHd7MxhtjeSqxxjgubQC05EUsgmzUm_KiJEEy8GtiBQqXLbR3RLUYZUH0Pg4JwwOlrw6YFXWDPY/s320/disseny+sagrada+familia+.jpg" width="225" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">First of all: it is not a square. It is a garden. The essential idea is to offer a mirror of water to the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">“Nativity” facade (of the “Sagrada Familia” Church in </span>Barcelona). The garden gives on to the Church and vice versa.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">With this in mind, all that follows is simply technique in order to make the “mirror of water”, which has been mentioned above, possible, as <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">perfectly as possible, to facilitate its functioning and to</span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">conceal the difficulties which the carrying out of it entails.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Indeed, the uneven nature of the ground, from the pavement of Mallorca Street to that of Provenca Street, is about four meters. The area covered by the lake being, naturally, not only horizontal, but also “testimonially horizontal”, it is a question of reconciling the slope and the horizontal quality in the best way possible. To serve this need, the garden projects itself as transversely terraced; for the same reason the sides of the lake, even though they are straight, are not cut at right angles, neither are they parallel or anything of the sort. And, at bottom, if I have considered turning Marina Street, it has been more to disguise the slope than to give the church more room than it has today; which, after all, Gaudi seems to have found tolerable for a long period during his lifetime.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">A pond, a small lake, requires some sort of accompaniment if we want to raise it above the level of a mere pool. An accompaniment which, in our project, is given the form of a landscape; and, of course, as one might expect, of a “landscape made ours”. It is characterized by looking like a dense forest, like the end of a stream that widens when it comes to a plain.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">By simply looking at the ground plans, one can see the remaining characteristics of the garden: the two short paths which, as they continue the steps of the facade, allow one coming from the grove to see the Church at an oblique angle, as, it seems, was Gaudi’s wish; the flowerbed which looks down on the lake, which allows an octagonal view of the facade (produced, in spite of what is said, to be seen from the front); a view as direct as is reflected in the lake, etc. etc.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">The background of trees also has the purpose of half covering the houses which are unfortunately situated there. The facades of the houses in question can be painted or stuccoed with pictures of trees, a continuation of the tree-lined walk.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">The walk can be used by people, children’s games can be played there. If one day the Corporation, honouring its being known as <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">“excelentissim” (very distinguished), decided to offer </span>flats in exchange to the occupiers of the blocks in question, and thus completed the boundaries of the garden, it would only be a question of continuing the tree-lined walk with no need to modify the project.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">The plants in the landscaping are, naturally, our own, and the ones on the lake bring to mind those that are sculptured on the facade of the Church.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"><br />
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<span style="background-color: black;"></span>Francisco Muñoz Martínezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11434950848591861690noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5894109737497575490.post-89643158718412134192011-01-31T12:22:00.001-08:002011-03-16T16:58:12.227-07:00Stage 2: Letamendi Square Garden<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">From our first stop we move into Provença Street up to Enric Granados. In Enric Granados Street, a curious and unique one, it is renovated by the last years, with many bars, quality restaurants and a lot of vegetation. We go down Enric Granados and in two streets before the stop we can see what it seems a garden, that is the square of Letamendi (photo).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Its curious to found before Letamendi’s square this church named “Maria de las Siervas”, wich is an </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">ecclesiastical organization (now around the world) who founded Maria Soledad Torres Acosta for help sick people. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">The estimated time to arrive from point 1 to point 2 is 8 minutes walking. So it’s pretty close one square to the other. That's the reason of our choice. See this google map to follow e the route (the map uses Roselló Street, not Provença, but is the same way).</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center"><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><iframe frameborder="0" height="195" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.es/maps?f=d&source=s_d&saddr=pla%C3%A7a+ferrer+i+cajigal&daddr=Pla%C3%A7a+del+Doctor+Letamendi,+Barcelona,+Catalu%C3%B1a&hl=es&geocode=FdiPdwIdfNkgACnDS1wihaKkEjHEHN_t0iH35w%3BFaaNdwIdl_ggACkJXbTIjaKkEjH7-QH_Z5CeKQ&mra=ltm&dirflg=w&sll=41.391363,2.160788&sspn=0.008612,0.01929&ie=UTF8&ll=41.389527,2.156796&spn=0.009659,0.012875&z=15&output=embed" width="300"></iframe></span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://maps.google.es/maps?f=d&source=embed&saddr=pla%C3%A7a+ferrer+i+cajigal&daddr=Pla%C3%A7a+del+Doctor+Letamendi,+Barcelona,+Catalu%C3%B1a&hl=es&geocode=FdiPdwIdfNkgACnDS1wihaKkEjHEHN_t0iH35w%3BFaaNdwIdl_ggACkJXbTIjaKkEjH7-QH_Z5CeKQ&mra=ltm&dirflg=w&sll=41.391363,2.160788&sspn=0.008612,0.01929&ie=UTF8&ll=41.389527,2.156796&spn=0.009659,0.012875&z=15" style="text-align: left;">Ver mapa más grande</a></span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> The square of Letamendi is situated in Aragó Street with Enric Granados, nearly the finish of this last Street. </span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">This square is dedicated to Josep de Letamendi i de Manjarrés (1828-2897), a famous ilutrated doctor, who cultivate different arts. </span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">This square has particularity of a special structure. It has the form of diamond, and this diamond is divided by two by Aragó Street. Then we have the same square with two differently parts. The first part upper Aragó and the second part lower Aragó. The two parts has equal space but the vegetation of the square is not the same, and </span><br />
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">obviously the buildings too. That is one of the aspects we work right now. </span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">LETAMENDI UPPER ARAGÓ STREET </span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRY7fRbizzg9M0caOuz6ooTSLKp9VJZBvlJAFsrfYsCOPNZsW4tmzub37WXZEFDdQ29bNg0zDO532DyU59S-8kMHNMHZPr7iEHiDsBy2G7RkN7HteQeN9OYivr0mgor1c0eopVGpDFFs0/s1600/P1000651.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"> </a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRY7fRbizzg9M0caOuz6ooTSLKp9VJZBvlJAFsrfYsCOPNZsW4tmzub37WXZEFDdQ29bNg0zDO532DyU59S-8kMHNMHZPr7iEHiDsBy2G7RkN7HteQeN9OYivr0mgor1c0eopVGpDFFs0/s1600/P1000651.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"> </a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6jlTxQ0gXwXi-8tY0_tnc1FeVcSx7p7tpcNF6wWT96stIp7U9AznN6C0HasHDVRV-NHh0PGr-na-hsjNZAABHPQ2T63XHO225NttvrXM_mTkNbH7VBU0slFCd_GhLmJwkzSmkIURUr5U/s1600/P1000643.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg6jlTxQ0gXwXi-8tY0_tnc1FeVcSx7p7tpcNF6wWT96stIp7U9AznN6C0HasHDVRV-NHh0PGr-na-hsjNZAABHPQ2T63XHO225NttvrXM_mTkNbH7VBU0slFCd_GhLmJwkzSmkIURUr5U/s320/P1000643.JPG" width="320" /> </a></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</a></span></div><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">The upper part of Letamendi’s square has two little park zones for kids playing (photo 1). The soil at park zone as we can see is not asphalted, actually there is a fountain with an statue (maybe its a saleswoman of flowers), very rare to see in parks now (photo 2). It is surprising how many palm trees there are, sometimes even with no space (photo 3). On the right corner we have Treasury of Eixample (photo 4). </span><br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgvs6PusYjrJ6siqY8HIXUydFH1zNiBuDeZTFEin673TTZ7bVeykbpRb8VQ_mUDqc_ntfOlmEuFlyOBcgD0mhTWpMIJUCPpt7GkJJSaVN0gjgDSsWOcZDvnblrtwa5pXObdG0GV63I090/s1600/P1000651.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgvs6PusYjrJ6siqY8HIXUydFH1zNiBuDeZTFEin673TTZ7bVeykbpRb8VQ_mUDqc_ntfOlmEuFlyOBcgD0mhTWpMIJUCPpt7GkJJSaVN0gjgDSsWOcZDvnblrtwa5pXObdG0GV63I090/s200/P1000651.JPG" width="200" /></a></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">LETAMENDI LOWER ARAGÓ STREET</span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">This part is simpler. In one hand we have a “pipican” (photo 1) and on the other hand we have a little park (photo 2). More palm trees (photo 3) and a cypress (photo 4). This lower part of the square is nearly the ending of Enric Granados street who goes into university of Barcelona (photo 5). As we can see Aragó street is very flood (photo 6).</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk_pMaCL0wESYEs1bJG3KQ63UJcTKCW9L4yuvG7oRBAN6QgLmpyHqBFGphS_p4N0G19R2uOoSvy5NoDnNYmup57Iz91rDZ7X0OxI5KPLp27hFlbbYrGgfW6lXt8UFlABUar4zm8h0MaxE/s1600/P1000656.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhk_pMaCL0wESYEs1bJG3KQ63UJcTKCW9L4yuvG7oRBAN6QgLmpyHqBFGphS_p4N0G19R2uOoSvy5NoDnNYmup57Iz91rDZ7X0OxI5KPLp27hFlbbYrGgfW6lXt8UFlABUar4zm8h0MaxE/s200/P1000656.JPG" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwax3ib3V-0Y7lnsvBdxPJbp8hwv_jHtcP0I1iBg9C6yjrzJovDfKQgbDkrdkebL59Todb_UQsN7YH8r2xMInrX3cLMAW8VctfDIPMFV20LIRR0QuEYceZDm3LWjEA89Gcbo01lIbN0Lc/s1600/P1000654.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwax3ib3V-0Y7lnsvBdxPJbp8hwv_jHtcP0I1iBg9C6yjrzJovDfKQgbDkrdkebL59Todb_UQsN7YH8r2xMInrX3cLMAW8VctfDIPMFV20LIRR0QuEYceZDm3LWjEA89Gcbo01lIbN0Lc/s200/P1000654.JPG" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZESX_BMr_hP5jaxYUxhH6jMefRMTmPlPOQPyLD9CuteyxU5e9PgIavGZyGILZvYSRNmH55cH_MLEyiNM2Ws027oXcxpoLHdXQULqFwkS47IQyXGPmguxJg-UyMod5UyYB0K_9-0tTU8Y/s1600/P1000653.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgZESX_BMr_hP5jaxYUxhH6jMefRMTmPlPOQPyLD9CuteyxU5e9PgIavGZyGILZvYSRNmH55cH_MLEyiNM2Ws027oXcxpoLHdXQULqFwkS47IQyXGPmguxJg-UyMod5UyYB0K_9-0tTU8Y/s200/P1000653.JPG" width="200" /></a></span></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhej9SgLqPWScW-5EofZpIAgCgO4MuS7_4pINvVWEOJe3gWeZu3lQ82FAMYGPIj2Ecu38CuICqhBAATIj-k3QtRKK0DAgWNpgvr_S8Q1UYA1ksXlLsEYIX2khXh1mrEXvA_AsyUOCnSMn8/s1600/P1000660.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhej9SgLqPWScW-5EofZpIAgCgO4MuS7_4pINvVWEOJe3gWeZu3lQ82FAMYGPIj2Ecu38CuICqhBAATIj-k3QtRKK0DAgWNpgvr_S8Q1UYA1ksXlLsEYIX2khXh1mrEXvA_AsyUOCnSMn8/s200/P1000660.JPG" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNhGjACxkziAhzfNPR8EhI5VFu6OvYjfIMrwuy6ZZt5AzQeRoh2goNR4Bpvq9P0-lkrt_ZJgL4s-n1Tn-St3FcctEyphY6r4sWnv9llH4YIOoODJ3JYViAThIxiwYbmWJYFUmSrgdfCjY/s1600/P1000659.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgNhGjACxkziAhzfNPR8EhI5VFu6OvYjfIMrwuy6ZZt5AzQeRoh2goNR4Bpvq9P0-lkrt_ZJgL4s-n1Tn-St3FcctEyphY6r4sWnv9llH4YIOoODJ3JYViAThIxiwYbmWJYFUmSrgdfCjY/s200/P1000659.JPG" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGnYR39NJ-UrPCYLiYFMrHF9dZKJktU4EIlcSe2oblq0SrYXY0CP5H6YtmddO6R3E5gP9mWmTHC3sTfW_xhY2LIIcYtXbNoeeqVjqOlkh7csvC1OrKGtSmtKNNRTmwfdHvR_nH7V6H5fk/s1600/P1000652.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGnYR39NJ-UrPCYLiYFMrHF9dZKJktU4EIlcSe2oblq0SrYXY0CP5H6YtmddO6R3E5gP9mWmTHC3sTfW_xhY2LIIcYtXbNoeeqVjqOlkh7csvC1OrKGtSmtKNNRTmwfdHvR_nH7V6H5fk/s200/P1000652.JPG" width="200" /></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">It's time to visit one of the most famous parks by Rubió i tudurí, Gaudí park, in "Sagrada Familia". </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: small;"> </span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAWd18ohsVIhV_rNx5IrhBQyqTFpu4IbOCM3Z5bvgm8LGep1HBwfDOLzopBNRm5AHF30lcPMHDr81-O-lpGGuEtKEMVOnBMstj8FetbcopfHPtKx5YimIQF0tiaqtQsFGz5xKtRsiktZU/s1600/P1000649.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAWd18ohsVIhV_rNx5IrhBQyqTFpu4IbOCM3Z5bvgm8LGep1HBwfDOLzopBNRm5AHF30lcPMHDr81-O-lpGGuEtKEMVOnBMstj8FetbcopfHPtKx5YimIQF0tiaqtQsFGz5xKtRsiktZU/s1600/P1000649.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"> </span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS";"></span></div></div></div></div>Francisco Muñoz Martínezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11434950848591861690noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5894109737497575490.post-17400654499844912011-01-31T12:20:00.001-08:002011-03-16T16:44:02.823-07:00Stage 1: Square of Doctor Ferrer i Cajigal<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIXFduW4n6s9fvk77aI1mW3m1k8Tr9izfuQ7c9SMeCs6Kjjhd4PnTDKXKXiu8qHCCU88IG0_fjyhsBfhG3GwYnqzVy4JyEYUlBV8Cfu521YUZ3tGKp0ZMW4d0_r1ckx3KdCv44mPFxQtQ/s1600/P1000622.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIXFduW4n6s9fvk77aI1mW3m1k8Tr9izfuQ7c9SMeCs6Kjjhd4PnTDKXKXiu8qHCCU88IG0_fjyhsBfhG3GwYnqzVy4JyEYUlBV8Cfu521YUZ3tGKp0ZMW4d0_r1ckx3KdCv44mPFxQtQ/s320/P1000622.JPG" width="320" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Our Tour begins in the square of Doctor Ferrer i Cajigal. Rubió i Tudurí begins the project of the park in the year 1923, knowing the cathedra of the doctor. Located in the street of Casanovas and delimited by the streets of Córcega and Provença. This square is a connection of the different parts of “hospital Clínic”.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><iframe frameborder="0" height="195" marginheight="0" marginwidth="0" scrolling="no" src="http://maps.google.es/maps?f=q&source=s_q&hl=es&geocode=&q=pla%C3%A7a+ferrer+i+cajigal&aq=&sll=41.390791,2.156807&sspn=0.004306,0.009645&dirflg=w&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Pla%C3%A7a+del+Doctor+Ferrer+i+Cajigal,+08036+Barcelona,+Catalu%C3%B1a&z=14&ll=41.39004,2.152828&output=embed" width="425"></iframe></span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://maps.google.es/maps?f=q&source=embed&hl=es&geocode=&q=pla%C3%A7a+ferrer+i+cajigal&aq=&sll=41.390791,2.156807&sspn=0.004306,0.009645&dirflg=w&ie=UTF8&hq=&hnear=Pla%C3%A7a+del+Doctor+Ferrer+i+Cajigal,+08036+Barcelona,+Catalu%C3%B1a&z=14&ll=41.39004,2.152828" style="text-align: left;">Ver mapa más grande</a></span> <br />
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">This square is dedicated to a doctor, named Ángel Antoni Ferrer i Cajigal. He obtained the cathedra in 1923 to 1936 after his death. Ferrer i Cagjigal teached in the faculty of Medicine of Barcelona. This faculty still here, well preserved. </span><br />
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">This is an example of how this place declines after years. Years ago the square was a green park, we don't know much about it. Today as we can see in the photos is all asphalted, with the exception of a poor “pipican” for the dogs.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXoa4c2Q_KZjtnJxgq6RDrQEZ4DVN57HjjWU5fXxP1b_8dCX8iw-ZM-vEWJTlLyOgaWzMcAuDyDEa2P71C046AZ6sruLkm155_3xUd6AQ0QpUzwBkCSC888-4K34OQ6j4EkvFKPuIEXQg/s1600/P1000625.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiXoa4c2Q_KZjtnJxgq6RDrQEZ4DVN57HjjWU5fXxP1b_8dCX8iw-ZM-vEWJTlLyOgaWzMcAuDyDEa2P71C046AZ6sruLkm155_3xUd6AQ0QpUzwBkCSC888-4K34OQ6j4EkvFKPuIEXQg/s320/P1000625.JPG" width="320" /></a></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">But why the square is now asphalted? The reason is probably the amplification of “hospital Clínic” in the last ten years. They need a parking for the emergencies ambulances. This big parking has two entrances, one in Corsega street and the other is located in Provença street as we can see in the two photos. </span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPBlQt1yV0k-g1tFu3c4koKWwBqjqeR1lIfVPcVRE4QUBZ2wFQ-AHpaZamTG2mMcjfwESrx_Y_SqjfOhSb_9J2VpGWrLa6RFy-s7ynoXEdd4NqffWob7u5Mh3DwV7WmzexLBtTM1nCzCM/s1600/P1000631.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"> </a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPBlQt1yV0k-g1tFu3c4koKWwBqjqeR1lIfVPcVRE4QUBZ2wFQ-AHpaZamTG2mMcjfwESrx_Y_SqjfOhSb_9J2VpGWrLa6RFy-s7ynoXEdd4NqffWob7u5Mh3DwV7WmzexLBtTM1nCzCM/s1600/P1000631.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"> </a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPBlQt1yV0k-g1tFu3c4koKWwBqjqeR1lIfVPcVRE4QUBZ2wFQ-AHpaZamTG2mMcjfwESrx_Y_SqjfOhSb_9J2VpGWrLa6RFy-s7ynoXEdd4NqffWob7u5Mh3DwV7WmzexLBtTM1nCzCM/s1600/P1000631.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"> </a></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Also at this time in the square of Ferrer i Cajigal is located temporally the merchant of Ninot. This merchant is now remodeling (photo) in his antique location (in provença) near the square.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIaDLs4DqeXIB_YRl_AIP3W1K-gSql6iF_J3GJjQaJklGPP5UkkYQokmLmgmDfCPRX5-yEG_WznFSg_K3Dh1gKCxvfYUXE5-m3upS9nBR_mbBPkyK0IOMEJSydsG2GV5dthevgVEevT6s/s1600/P1000634.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIaDLs4DqeXIB_YRl_AIP3W1K-gSql6iF_J3GJjQaJklGPP5UkkYQokmLmgmDfCPRX5-yEG_WznFSg_K3Dh1gKCxvfYUXE5-m3upS9nBR_mbBPkyK0IOMEJSydsG2GV5dthevgVEevT6s/s320/P1000634.JPG" width="320" /> </a></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">The history of merchant of Ninot takes us into 19<sup>th</sup> century. His name designs an antique Ninot (doll) that was close to this merchant. </span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">So the project of remodeling the merchant was in 2008, and actually occupied all the square of Ferrer i Cajigal</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIhWdeLXdBwPifHJ8AGME7_mWEzOcaCPSZMbvJ4rdnYLowZmSrRqW4upLg7i6poDTVwvRSn1xjVj64KU2FIDdGWmq-C2HuPmTMxM0mLpAI5M6M33HhyphenhypheniMD8t4yJ5OsAPPyCVwVTs_8jIw/s1600/P1000632.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiIhWdeLXdBwPifHJ8AGME7_mWEzOcaCPSZMbvJ4rdnYLowZmSrRqW4upLg7i6poDTVwvRSn1xjVj64KU2FIDdGWmq-C2HuPmTMxM0mLpAI5M6M33HhyphenhypheniMD8t4yJ5OsAPPyCVwVTs_8jIw/s200/P1000632.JPG" width="200" /></a></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4J5GJYrm-vSbfonyhYUIig_Mw5D-QXnfEt3gYRDyKWwo77IHHz1bjn13PRa7uf2_x_VhVi9WJuCIwTG80Jb5rKSBdO5tY2H8tPsmC7Il_FK3urMKQN9YFoBWWx3A_NyOk8uG1ZREx0uE/s1600/P1000624.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi4J5GJYrm-vSbfonyhYUIig_Mw5D-QXnfEt3gYRDyKWwo77IHHz1bjn13PRa7uf2_x_VhVi9WJuCIwTG80Jb5rKSBdO5tY2H8tPsmC7Il_FK3urMKQN9YFoBWWx3A_NyOk8uG1ZREx0uE/s200/P1000624.JPG" width="200" /></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span></div></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi2-rURHM2rvZTfXW6KdfCxOq1-1yTQ9i1UrNWtxvaFGS457psvXrmOfx6QMvhFsQDZaEUDlbvp00Fij2eSOZAvSwqDtQB0Lb7V4rpvagT-QNn4h5bmXEq2W-eX6VzrltfJYz1ymjqhSU/s1600/P1000627.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgi2-rURHM2rvZTfXW6KdfCxOq1-1yTQ9i1UrNWtxvaFGS457psvXrmOfx6QMvhFsQDZaEUDlbvp00Fij2eSOZAvSwqDtQB0Lb7V4rpvagT-QNn4h5bmXEq2W-eX6VzrltfJYz1ymjqhSU/s200/P1000627.JPG" width="200" /></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqrjMhJKSITcGdlaGmw1O_swYumwrFmlUC5VqdWA0IBF9atEyH31KlwQrq3hOPk_JhoGIZfjU_jOpPEPeOcE0_-96Ba_iRS0KRK77WlgrpN1EtnLWdcmKIVGnZ1emA2WrV52wX-dGGmiw/s1600/P1000630.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjqrjMhJKSITcGdlaGmw1O_swYumwrFmlUC5VqdWA0IBF9atEyH31KlwQrq3hOPk_JhoGIZfjU_jOpPEPeOcE0_-96Ba_iRS0KRK77WlgrpN1EtnLWdcmKIVGnZ1emA2WrV52wX-dGGmiw/s200/P1000630.JPG" width="200" /></a></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">If you want to know more information about the merchant and his remodeling check this pdf please (in catalan)</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="http://w3.bcn.es/fitxers/home/dossierremodelacininotjuliol2008v8.994.163.pdf"><span lang="EN-US">http://w3.bcn.es/fitxers/home/dossierremodelacininotjuliol2008v8.994.163.pdf</span></a></span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">There is no signal of the ancient park designed by Rubió i Tudurí. Perhaps the pines in the street only remind a green park. We hope that “ajuntament of Barcelona” will construct another park in memory of this doctor and of his architect. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiODG0MSUjMCJb0ELIHUfuAz3CBrOfN5ldNSdfHl-TJEJao0qgB7HMKUCTKBUFTVZDeokNKPi6IPkpYWYQ8Diux8dScCEtOGcJSCKJ7Kmn72pbL2puaNprkGhmiiZDYo1TO3xelSGtSOz0/s1600/P1000633.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiODG0MSUjMCJb0ELIHUfuAz3CBrOfN5ldNSdfHl-TJEJao0qgB7HMKUCTKBUFTVZDeokNKPi6IPkpYWYQ8Diux8dScCEtOGcJSCKJ7Kmn72pbL2puaNprkGhmiiZDYo1TO3xelSGtSOz0/s320/P1000633.JPG" width="320" /></a></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Now we start to move in our tour into next stop, <b>Letamendi’s square</b>.</span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
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</div>Francisco Muñoz Martínezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11434950848591861690noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5894109737497575490.post-47612184849556487092011-01-31T12:06:00.000-08:002011-03-16T16:58:56.155-07:00The Garden as a work of Art (N.M. Rubió i Tudurí most famous article)<h1 style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: large;">The garden as a work of art</span></h1><div class="Lneadeautor" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: large;">By Nicolau Maria Rubio i Tudurí </span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">(Traslated version to English)</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Gardening does not always reach, neither does it </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US">wish to reach the height of works of art. In the same way that industrial painting does not form part of the art of painting, neither does the planting of hedges as a guide for traffic form part of the art of gardening.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">The same could be said of those who decorate their rooms with unselected conventional paintings of vintagers, fishermen or gypsies: they do not arrive at serving the art of painting. Neither does the person who relies on an industrial horticulturist to distribute around his land a few trees, hedges, lawns and flowers, as appear in some of the most prestigious magazines.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Even at the highest gardening levels, the work of art is absent, both purposely and in fact. The world is full —although not so much so in this country— <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">of leisure gardens, gardens for recreation, restful lawns </span>for workers next to factories, social gardens, all extremely worthy and to which we owe veneration; but they are far from the true characteristics of art.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">These characteristics will appear however, in those gardens where the gardener is inspired with is creation, in the same way as the true artist. The notion “picture-work of art” is perhaps indefinable; however it is precise. Would not he who confuses an artist’s work of art with a vulgar picture be condemned to occupy a very low level in intelligent society? Well the same occurs with garden works of art and those who enjoy them.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">The attitude of the individual towards gardens will in fact represent something very important in his position regarding the philosophy of art and even the history of culture. Forgive me if I insinuate that in my opinion, reducing gardening to a simple decorative trade or lesser art, shows a coarsening of spirit, a lack of refinement of the soul, one of those uncivilized reminiscences, in any case foreign to the Latin temperament, which we should not allow to infiltrate either our mentality or our sensitivity.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">The art of gardening can be compared with <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Music, Architecture, Poetry, and of course, with </span>Painting and Sculpture; in fact it can rise above them, and I should like to say a few words about this.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">1 know it is dangerous to try to put into words the meaning and form of garden works of art.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Each artistic activity has its own means of expression, and words should be reserved for literary or poetic expression. To describe the atmosphere, the environment of a garden, is akin to somewhat ridiculing a work of art. Fawning and tasteless remarks have nothing to do with it. However, let us say then that the gardener has to create the garden’s soul, making it come to life; he has to make the Muses inhabit it, let Apollo walk amongst the trees, and the archangels-birds of this new paradise - sing in its branches. There must be a silent but divine music in the garden; words of the purest poetry must be written in its air; nature must be sculptured in the garden in the form of plants and trees; here architecture must come alive, be full of spring and flower; and in the garden he has to achieve the master model, incomparable, whispering, perfumed, pulsating, of the greatest landscape painting.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">To achieve this, and much more than we are capable of expressing, and to do so with purity and humility, intelligence and emotion; this is more or less, the art of gardening.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">As opposed to works of art made up of inert materials, a garden is made up of living things, plants. The artistic gardener, on creating his garden, must “live it” in accordance with the needs of the vegetable life in it. He must collaborate with it, and not submit it to the preconceived inspirations of the artist. If he tries to do this it could be that the plants grow badly; perhaps they would “protest” by their attitude, and then the work of art would frustrated. The gardener’s activity must tie a knot between the existences, plant and human. The garden must be vegetal and human at the same time.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">It should not be forgotten that the human spirit was created in close contact with splendid nature, similar to a garden, in Paradise. Speaking in Existentialist terms, there was a deep, temporary contact between the existence of man and the “experience” of the primordial garden. Speaking in Platonic terms, man received the notion, the idea of a garden, the essence of it, at the very moment of the Creation of the human spirit.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">So deeply-rooted is the emotion of Eden in human experience that it stands above Architecture without doubt a “post-creational” phenomenon!, and <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">also of course Sculpture and Painting, representational </span>arts which correspond to more developed times. Only instinctive poetry and pre-rational music can compete with the antiquity and the deep-rootedness of the garden, in the spirit or existence of man.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Whoever creates a garden must handle the plants he uses humanely, because the vegetal-human agreement, the basis of a garden, is principally the work of man. It is he who must get to know the life of the plants. They “do” something to adapt to human gardening; undoubtedly they “know” something also about our way of life. They “humanize”, especially in <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">our Latin gardens. However it would be foolish to ask </span>more of them. We cannot expect them to be the “artists of the garden”. The artist is and must be the gardening man, working with a live material which must continue to live.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">All this means that the art of gardening must be carried out with the utmost simplicity. Our dialogue with plants must be totally natural. Artificial affectation is an enemy and the hodgepodge of decorations and complications only manages to cover over the lack of ideas and emotion that affect the attempt of a garden. A certain economy of means livens the imagination of the creator, produces spiritual cleanliness in the work and gives the garden a springtime air that belongs to it and that I would dare to call “evangelical”.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Many “expensive” or “nouveau riche” gardens are precisely that because someone has prevented them from being treated like a work of art. There has not even existed the genuine intention of creating poetically. They have been conceived without conceiving; work has been done in them in an ignoble, uninspired fashion, as if to the rhythm of uncouth music; without looking at the sky even once; handing it over to the science of the local contractor, or to the inane comments in a book, which, if it really wished to teach something, would have pointed out that only by planting gardens can one learn the art of gardening.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">An artist-gardener, given complete freedom to plant a garden in the normal fashion of a work of art, can achieve results which are superior, not only from the aesthetic point of view, but spending a reasonably low amount of money; more than when third parties constantly call his attention to this or that detail seen in a recent publication, now change this plant-which is one of the colours the artist’s palette for another one which a friend or relation of the owner has wanted to recommend.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">It is illicit or bad taste to ask a creative gardener to carry out his job defectively, on the pretext of saving money. However much is planted it must be able to live and prosper. The earth must therefore <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">be worked properly and receive the necessary fertilizers; </span>the plants must be those which creation asks for, without the sordid search in the dark corners of fourth class nurseries. Neither is a painter asked to economize using bad quality canvas and cheap colours, which will deteriorate quickly.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Now another opposite point of view. The </span></i><i><span lang="EN-US">plantation of developed plants, and therefore expensive ones, hopes to achieve the effect of a garden immediately. It is not as easy as that to precipitate a work of nature. A garden planted with fully grown plants suffers a sort of ugliness when the plants do not adapt; these plants have spent their first years in certain conditions and have then been changed to a new place and new surroundings which cause variation in their growth which no sensitive eye can ignore.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Whoever uses grown plants deprives himself of the truly gardening pleasure of seeing them grow. This pleasure is thoroughly experienced by those who plant a garden with young plants. This garden will later appear to have grown naturally with a constant harmony amongst the plants, giving it a serene beauty typical of a garden work of art.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">The cost of course is lower than that involved in the use of grown plants, if we follow the wisdom of mother nature and plant the garden with young plants.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Some think it is possible to ask an artist-gardener for a general sketch of a project and that then they can carry it out following what we could call home-made methods.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">It is doubtful that a true creator of garden works of art would be pleased to give an outline of the composition and leave the final carrying out to others. Going back to the comparison with Painting, we could say that a master of this art would not be likely to draw the lines of a portrait and then abandon it to the brush of a bungler.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Gardening belongs to that category of the Fine Arts which does not produce its perfect work all at once, without the need to repeat anything. In this gardening combines with the Theatre and Music the works of which do not “exist” on their own, it is man who must repeat his artistic activity if he wishes to reproduce them.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">To help a garden to exist is to preserve it. “Preservation” is often a word which frightens the owner of our work of art. However it must be well preserved, in the same way that concerts must be given with the appropriate dignity. There must be few people who, when taking out a season ticket for the opera, request the empresario to present worse musicians, in exchange for a reduction in the price of the seats.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">Therefore the value of their gardens should not be reduced in this way.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><i><span lang="EN-US">The garden will have to be preserved, respecting the characteristics given it by the creator. The preserver will therefore have to make an effort not to spoil the deep feeling and expressive form of the work. It would be a sin to place sculptures or other things which do not harmonize with the inheritance of the artist, or plant hedges and trees where the artist had not foreseen them. This does not mean that preservation of the garden has to lead to its stagnation. A garden is a living work of art, subject to evolution and no true artist-gardener would forget to plan for and encourage life and action, the ml of permanent Creation, without which our garden* Art cannot exist.</span></i></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span><br />
<div class="MsoBodyText"><span style="font-size: small;"><i>Extract from the Book “Nicolau M. RUBIÓ I TUDURÍ (1891-1981) EL JARDÍ OBRA D’ART” Fundació Caixa de Pensions, 1985, Barcelona</i></span></div></div>Francisco Muñoz Martínezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11434950848591861690noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5894109737497575490.post-35572425940308049232011-01-31T11:09:00.000-08:002011-03-16T16:59:42.949-07:00Biography<div class="separator" style="background-color: #93c47d; clear: both; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-up8oz1DJOdsfyZDAnQX9Cde-BfA9yz5TBCg63KAIcONMLBxf7xPW0BIo2XtfJ7PP2Bkl_XcyG4fKURB99jqqMkqLKcBG7d9watlNHfYhidfIp0I1bRrqjqvjBgwNPF1t4uFCNzcuga8/s1600/riut+bio.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-up8oz1DJOdsfyZDAnQX9Cde-BfA9yz5TBCg63KAIcONMLBxf7xPW0BIo2XtfJ7PP2Bkl_XcyG4fKURB99jqqMkqLKcBG7d9watlNHfYhidfIp0I1bRrqjqvjBgwNPF1t4uFCNzcuga8/s640/riut+bio.jpg" width="523" /></a></span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><h1 style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: large; font-weight: normal;">NICOLAU MARIA RUBIÓ I TUDURÍ </span></h1><h1 style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Biography</span></h1><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1891 </span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Nicolau M. Rubió i Tudurí born in Mao (Menorca) on 5<sup>th</sup> February. Son of Maria Rubio i Bellve, originally from Reus, a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">military engineer, liberal and learned, and of </span>Maria Tudurí i Monjo, who belonged to and old family of Menorcan business people connected in the past with England. The couple had five children: Nicolau, the eldest; <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Jaume, an engineer, author of the Barcelona underground and the Montserrat rack </span>railway; Maria, a lawyer and politician, a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">representative in the Catalan Parliament for </span>the “Esquerra Republicana” party; Isabel; <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and Ferran, a doctor and pharmaceutical </span>chemist.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1896 </span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">The family moved to Barcelona and lived in <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">what was the residential quarter in Barcelona at the end of the century: the </span>Tibidabo.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Maria Rubió i Bellvé was given the post of Head Engineer in the “El Tibidabo” <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Company founded by Dr. Andreu. He was </span>also a writer and brilliant journalist. From <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">among his books the following should be </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;">noted: <i>Diccionario de Ciencias Militares </i>(1895-1903), <i>Filosofía de la guerra </i>(c.1918) </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">and <i>Juicios, observaciones y comentarios </i></span><i>relativos a la lucha de las naciones. </i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">He edited the <i>Barcelona Atracción </i></span>magazine, he was a lover of, and very <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">familiar with the Greek and Latin classics, and a personal friend of His Majesty King </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;">Alfonso XIII. His brother, Juan Rubió Bellvé, </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">was a well-know “art-noveau” architect who </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">designed the building known as “El frare blanc” on the Tibidabo Avenue. A </span>passionate Catalan nationalist, he was a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">friend of Puig i Cadafalch’s, Gaudi’s and</span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Domenech i Montaner’s.</span><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1900 </span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">He begins his baccalaureate studies at the</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> “instituto de la Universidad”, the only state </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">grammar school then existing in Barcelona, as it was his father’s wish that he should <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">not be educated by a religious order. “I </span>have nearly always lived in a distinguished bourgeois atmosphere. I am bourgeois from <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">head to foot”, Rubió would declare much </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">later on in life. One might claim, rather, </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">that it was a bourgeois bohemia, flavoured with adventure and the drawing-room.</span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1908 </span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">He begins his degree in architecture as</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Head of the Domenech i Montaner school.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1909 </span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">He attends drawing classes at the</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">“Academia Galí", one of the most solid <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">nuclei of Catalan “Noucentisme”, together </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">with his university companion Ramón Reventós, with the only reult, according to </span>Rubió, of taking the myth out of the artist’s <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">work. The cosmopolitanism which envelops </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Rubió is partially a result of the social environment but, above all, comes from the </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Classicist influence which the “Academia </span>Galí" exercised, not only on Rubió, but on a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">long list of architects: Adolf Florensa, </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Francesc Folguera, and his great friend </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Ramón Reventós. He begins painting watercolours, a form which he will cultivate </span>for the rest of his life.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1915 </span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">He plans a hospital for terminal illnesses “in</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">the Domenech style” as an exercise at the </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">end of his degree course, considering that <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">this is the most appropiate style because it </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">is Domenech himself who has to examine </span>him.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">In the month of March of this same year the Head Architect of Parks and Gardens in <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">Paris, J.C.N. Forestier, arrives in Barcelona. </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">These years of the First War are times of </span>great prosperity in Barcelona. Spain has remained neutral; Barcelona, the industrial and commercial lung of the country, is a business centre of primary importance in wartime Europe. The Catalan “Mancomunitat” is thriving, led by men of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">prestige, such as Prat de la Riba, Puig i </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Cadafalch, Domenech i Montaner, Cambo, </span>etc. It was through the latter, and the intervention of the painter Josep M. Sert, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">resident in Paris, that Forestier came to be </span>commissioned by the “Mancomunitat” to remodel the Montjuic Mountain as the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">centre of the future World Exhibition in </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">Barcelona</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">. Maria Rubió i Bellvé, technical </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">consultant to the Exhibition, puts forward </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">his son’s name to be Forestier’s assistant. </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Forestier teaches Rubió the art of gardening. </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">This event will be decisive in his life since </span>he will find a true master in Forestier. The <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">latter will also influence a whole way of behaviour in Rubio which will favour his entering the refined and cosmopolitan </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">circles of the Twenties in Barcelona. Rubio </span>was a “dandy” at that period, a member of the “Ateneu” and a regular visitor at the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">gatherings, the “tertulias”, organised by </span>Isabel Llorach.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1916<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">He obtains his degree in Architecture from </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">the “Escuela Superior de Arquitectura” in Barcelona. “Noucentisme” is the main cultural movement in Catalonia at this time.</span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1917<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">The painter Galí, his drawing teacher, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">recommends Rubió to Puig i Cadafalch and </span>to Prat de la Riba and after following some courses in botany, he obtains the Chair in Gardening at the School of Arts and Crafts belonging to the “Mancomunitat”, a Chair <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">from which he will be expelled with the </span>coming of Primo de Rivera.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">He obtains the post as Head of Public Gardens and Parks on Barcelona <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Corporation having presented himself at </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">public entrance examination. He will occupy </span>the post for twenty years, a period during which the majority of the green spaces which exist in the city are shaped. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">“The firmness which the «Lliga —Prat de la <span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">Riba</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">— Early “Noucentisme” phenomenon </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">revealed, which brought together the </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">majority of the country’s intellectuals, began </span>to crack in 1917. Prat’s controlling and <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">unifying policy was interrupted that year by his death. His sucessor as President, Josep Puig i Cadafalch, never came to acquire the </span>same charisma as the first President of the “Mancomunitat".</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1919 </span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">He travels to London to attend the Town<br />
Planning Congress, financed by the<br />
Corporation.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">He produces the Santa Clotilde gardens in </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">which the expresses the spirit of Catalan “Noucentisme”. It is the most important <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">private garden in twentieth century Spain.</span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1920 </span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Appointed Town Architect in Esplugues, a<br />
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">post he will occupy up until 1923.</span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">He also edits the magazine called <i>Civitas, </i>a </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">journal which publicises the civic</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">association, “La Ciudad Jardín”, of which he </span>is secretary. <i>Civitas </i>will become the main source for spreading John Ruskin and <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">William Morris’s town planning ideas. On </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">Rubios iniciative, “La Ciudad Jardi’n” applies </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">to the “Mancomunitat” requesting a regional </span>urban development. The aim of the society was to spread the garden-city model using <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">all the means available. This Utopian </span>purpose was expressed in the city of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Barcelona</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> in proposals for the dignifying of houses for workers, children’s parks, playing </span>fields in open spaces... As a result of his <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">being commissioned to design the </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">monastery-church at Pedralbes, Rubió </span>travels to Florence on a number of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">occasions with Duran i Reynals and </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Reventos to look at Brunelleschi’s Pazzi </span>Chapel which would be the most direct <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">source of inspiration for his work.</span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoList2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1922<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">A section of the younger and more active </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">intellectuals, among them Rubió i Tudurí, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">viewed the “Lliga” parry’s attitude of pacting </span>with the central government and their social <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">conservatism with displeasure. It was from </span>out of this group that a new party was <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">born: “Actio Catalana” with Nicolau </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">D’Olwer and Josep M. de Segarra. Rubió left </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">it soon after even though his personality </span>was the archetype represented by the new <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">party, when he realized that the elections had cheated the interests of his party. </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">Nevertheless, later, during Primo de Rivera’s </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">dictatorship he would lend his support to </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">radical Catalan nationalists. In December he </span>goes on his first hunt to Africa, travelling through Senegal and Gambia together with <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Duran i Reynals and his brother, Ferran. This experience will later be reflected in a </span>book. He produces the Barcelona Radio Pavilion on top of the Tibidabo Mountain. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">Rubio’s cosmopolitan and avant-garde work, </span>it rises above the apparently Mediterraneanist framework and uses a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Rationalist mode of expression for the first </span>time in this country.</span></div><div class="MsoList2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoList2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1923<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">He edits the journal of the “Boletín del Fomento National de Horticultura”, an <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">association of which he is a member of the </span>board of directors. General Primo de <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Rivera’s coup, and the subsequent </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">dissolution of the “Mancomunitat”, paralyse </span>his teaching activity because of his coming <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">out in sympathy with his companions who </span>had been dismissed at the “Escuela de Bellos Oficios”.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1925</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Another trip to Africa in the company of the </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Botey brothers and Joan Mirambell, his only disciple in the gardening field. He supervises <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a course on gardening at the F.A.D. </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">(“Fomento de las Artes Decorativas”). Pere </span>Dot dedicates the rose “Director Rubio” to <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">him. He plans the Pedralbes Palace gardens, </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">a present which the Barcelona Town </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">Council representing the Dictatorship offer </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the King. There, in the Palace gardens, </span>Rubio reveals his unquestionable respect for <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Catalan tradition, enlivening the gardens </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">already in existence and enhancing the entrance with a monumental fountain. The small lake in which the Palace facade is </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">reflected is surrounded by pots of </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">geraniums, a practice which is of clear </span>Hispano-Arabic inspiration.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1926<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">He gives up his post as editor of the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">“Boleti’n Oficial del Fomento de la <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Horticultura</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">” when it changes language and </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">position. He puts forward his idea of the </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Barcelona</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> of the future in a Corporation pamphlet: “El problema de los espacios libres”. He takes part in the XI National </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Congress of Architects with the paper </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">entitled “Legislación en materia de urbanismo”. He travels to Paris and visits </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">the Marsan Pavilion at the Louvre where </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">“La croisiere noire” is on show. This </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">expedition is a further instance of the interest that existed over those years in </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Europe for the subject of Africa. He develops and landscapes Francesc Macia <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Square</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> where he finally gives form to the </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">Mediterranean landscape garden.</span></span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1927<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">An exhibition at the Claridge Gallery in </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">London</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"> of the “Drawingroom gardens” created together with Llorens Artigas and Raoul Dufy. <i>Vogue </i>magazine publishes an <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">account of it. He gives up all his posts on </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">the “Sociedad Fomento National de </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">Horticultura”. He publishes <i>Diálogos de Arquitectura, </i>his most important theoretical </span>work over these years and in which the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">contradictions and doubts surrounding architecture in the period are reflected. The polemical debates and controversies of the </span>time in which Rubio plays a main part <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">should not be interpreted as a rejection of </span>the new architecture but rather as a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">preventive measure against any kind of orthodoxy. He plans a programme of </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">acquisitions of woods and free land on the </span>Collcerola sierra. Rubió was one of the few <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">architects who knew how to assess the </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">meaning of the pavilion which Mies Van der Rohe produced for the 1929 exhibition </span>and he made it known through his contributions to <i>Cahiers d’Art.</i></span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1928<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">He plans the development of Plaza de <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">España Square</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> and the surroundings of the </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">National</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"> Palace</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">, sketches of the </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">communication routes and three hotels. Throught the intervention of Josep LLuís </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">Sert, Le Corbusier comes to Barcelona.</span></span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1929<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">He exhibits a project of the Barcelona of the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">future in the city of Barcelona pavilion at the World Exhibition. He exhibits in the </span>Dalmau Gallery together with Sert, Torres Clavé, Yllescas, Puig Gairalt.</span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1930<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">When the Dictatorship had just drawn to a close, together with his brother Marian he <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">wrote <i>Estat Espanyol, Societat Anònima, </i>which has as its sub-title “Reportaje sobre la </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">posición actual del catalanismo”. His desire for a political programme with a wide </span>national scope which would go beyond the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">limited action of the parties (the original </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">idea of “Acció Catalana”) takes them to </span>defend the federative form found in the “Corona de Aragón”. He returns as a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">teacher to the County Council’s gardening </span>school. He is commissioned by the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Corporation, together with Martorell and </span>Florensa, to carry out a preliminary sketch <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">for the setting up of a “Consejo Superior de </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">Urbanismo” (A Higher Board for Town </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Planning). The Duke of Alba commissions </span>him to carry out the garden of the Spanish <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Embassy in London where he re-creates the Andalusian courtyard with all the echoes of </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">the Hispano-Arabic garden. He carries out </span>the urban development of the area surrounding the Plaza de Espana together with Duran i Reynals. He travels to New <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">York</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> where be exhibits the drawing-room gardens. Strongly impressed, on his return </span>he proposes a new ground plan and organisation of the height and size of a block in the “Eixample” quarter in Barcelona.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">He translates a part of Montaigne’s essays. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Rubio was one of the few writers of the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">period who could succeed in this task, given his Humanist training, his knowledge of </span>French and Catalan and his style. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">A regular reader of the “Bernat Metge” series, he eagerly read the texts of Cicero, </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Tacitus, Martial, Virgil, Seneca and all the </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">Greco-Latin Classics; as well as Llul and </span>Ausias March.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoList2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1931 </span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">He presents the project “Iberia, capital<br />
federal”, produced together with Ramon<br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Reventos and his brother Jaume at the<br />
Pares gallery, organised by the Architects’ Association in Catalonia. The “Generalitat” <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">commission him to carry out a preliminary </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">sketch for a Regional Plan of Catalonia. He </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">travels to Berlin to visit the exhibition </span>devoted to building. The many trips he <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">makes abroad (London, Amsterdam, Paris, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Italy</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">), some of which are financed by the </span></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Corporation, are the cause of the modern </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">initiatives he undertakjes along European </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">lines. He publishes <i>Actar </i>in French, a </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">manifesto-book in which he attacks modern mechanicalism, distinguishing it from the </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">sound balance to be found in Classical architecture with its calm form and the </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">excess of modern reason in Le Corbusier, </span>based on the idea of “movement”, in a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">desire to put ideas on architecture in order. This essay extends the continuous dialectic </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">between tradition and avant-garde in which </span>Rubio’s work moves.</span></div><div class="MsoList2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoList2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">1932 </span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">He exhibits the painted pottery drawing-<br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">room gardens which are decorated with<br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">bonsais in the Syra gallery.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">His play, <i>Judas Iscariot, </i>is staged at the Romea theatre in Barcelona. The Councillor for Culture, Ventura Gassol, attends the opening night. Although Xavier Fàbregas <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">does not mention Rubió in his <i>Història del </i></span><i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">teatre catala, </span></i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">he wrote four famous plays </span>and he has some which remain <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">unpublished in <i>Primer Acto. </i>Together with </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">his brother Marian, he publishes <i>Catalunya </i></span><i>amb Europa: Més enllà del separatisme. </i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Written in the euphoria of Macia’s triumph, </span>it speaks of self-determination and of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">inclusion in the federation of European </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">people, the capital of which could be </span>Barcelona. During the Republic, Rubio has close contact with President Macia who <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">wanted one of the four Rubio brothers to be a member of the Catalan Parliament. He </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">also had connections with Companys although in private he held a critical view of </span>both presidents.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">He travels from Algiers as far as the Niger </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">crossing the Atlas and desert in search of the country of the lions. This gave rise to <span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">the chronicle <i>Sahara-Niger </i>(Barcelona: </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">Llibreria Catalonia, 1932), illustrated and </span>dedicated to his uncle, Joan. No doubt they were the first to cross the Sahara (in a lorry <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">with the Catalan banner flying). The book is </span>a small essay on the desert, pleasant to read <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">and revealing a great anthropological </span>sensitivity.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoList2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1933 </span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">He carries out the Metro Goldwyn Mayer<br />
</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">studios and the Llorach house in Muntaner</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Street. The Rationalist mode of expression is latent in both these works.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoList3" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1934<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">He is a finalist for the “Ignasi Iglesias” prize </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">with his play <i>Midas, rei de Frígia. </i>A play in five acts in which he takes the myth out of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">power with a strong dose of irony. He </span>publishes <i>El jardin meridional, </i>dedicated to <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">the memory of his master, J.C.N. Forestier; </span>a work about gardening which is as <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">interesting for professionals as for amateurs. </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">It constitutes a display of knowledge and </span>good taste and is the most important book written on gardens in Spain.</span></div><div class="MsoList3" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoList3" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1935<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">He is awarded the “Ignasi Iglesias” theatre prize for his work <i>Un sospir de llibertat, </i>a <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">comedy set against the background of the </span>Carlist wars and in which he makes a skillful and pleasant criticism of conservatism.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Together with A. Florensa and Carles <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Clavell, he forms part of the jury for the </span>competition called by the Students’ <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Association belonging to the “Escuela de </span>Arquitectura”. He takes part in the II <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">Congress of Architects in Catalan within the </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">third subject area: “Poli’tica de l’Habitacio” </span>(Housing policy). He also takes part in the competition for the urban development of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">the low part of the Montjui’c Mountain </span>together with Duran i Reynals. Another hunt in High Gambia.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1936 </span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">He forms part of the Commission for Town<br />
Planning belonging to the “Asociacion de<br />
Arquitectos de Catalunya”. His two plays <i>Midas, rei de Frigia </i>and <i>Un sospir de llibertat </i>are put on. Rubio i Tuduri sees again how in the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Peninsula</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"> “the African roots emerge” and </span>the reconquest of an Europeanised Catalonia is undertaken. The country is no longer a symbol of democracy. A Catalan nationalist <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">and Republican, Rubio travels around the </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">European capitals as correspondent for the </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">Barcelona</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;"> newspaper <i>Ultima Hora. </i></span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">The social maelstrom and national upheaval which the military rising of 1936 supposed </span>was very far from the Greco-Latin ideals defended by Rubió.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1937 </span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">He is sent to Paris by the Propaganda<br />
Comissariat belonging to the Catalan<br />
”Generalitat” as a representative. From there<br />
<span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">he starts up conversations with Italy with<br />
the purpose of securing a separate peace for<br />
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Catalonia</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;"> and converting it into a neutral<br />
</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">zone. Negrin discovers the manoeuvres.</span>Rubio’s exile in Paris begins. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">He earns his living by drawing for the</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">fashion designer Balenciaga, designing</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">je welry for the goldsmith, Van Cleef, or </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">designing medallions and painting watercolours for a shop devoted to </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">decoration.</span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">He frequents Chagall and Picasso’s studios.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">He strikes up a friendship with Francois <span style="letter-spacing: -0.5pt;">Mauriac.</span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US">1942 </span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">He marries Montserrat Pla Rosello whom he</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">had already met in Barcelona in 193 . In Paris they frequently had Nicolau D’Olwer, <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Joan Rebull and Rafael Tasis at their home. </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">He wrote little for the press in exile: an esay </span><i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">De De l'Atlàntida i Canigó a l'enyorança verdagueriana </span></i><span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;">(Miscellania Verdaguer. Edit. </span>Ragasol, Paris, 1940).</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">1945</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US"> </span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">In August, in the company of Josep M </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Sert, he returns to Barcelona by car. On his </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">return Rubio found he had been ousted from all the posts he occupied in the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">administration and he distances himself </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">from municipal activity altogether. He </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">contemplates the defacement of many of </span>his <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">works in the city and he is obliged to resign </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">himself to seeing discontinued his work of </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">twenty years’ study, experiment and popularizing so that gardens, parks and </span>squares might take on a much deeper <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">meaning than the merely functional. </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">It was as a consequence of private commissions that he would develop his </span>ideal garden over this second period in the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Peninsula and especially in the Canary <span style="letter-spacing: 0pt;">Islands</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt;">.</span></span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">He publishes <i>La Patrie Latine</i><i> </i>(Paris: </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Nouvelle Edition, 1945). A magnificent essay which is as readable as a novel on the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">history of the great Mediterranean north</span>western arch which makes up the Latin <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">spirit, a particular way of behaving, </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">thinking, living and feeling founded on </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">commerce, the language, the Church and </span>the law. A vision of an open and universal Catalonia.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">He works up until his death as a gardening </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">consultant to the “Cubiertos y Tejados, S.A.” company.</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 70.4pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -45.75pt;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">1947<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">He publishes “Le temple egyptien et la</span></div><div class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="margin-left: 24.65pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;"><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">divinite animale” in <i>Cahiers d’Art </i>with </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">illustrations by Marc Chagall. A magnificent </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">ethnological essay on the cultural revelations </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">and architectural structures of the ancient </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Egyptians. <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">He publishes “Floretes del Desert” in a private edition. Deightful pictures of the Greek and Latin patristic within essential spirit of St. Franciss of Assisi.</span></span></div><div style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;"><br />
</span></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 24.65pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.15pt;"><b>1955</b> Another trip to Africa together with his wife.</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">They travel through High Gambia and the </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.6pt;">Niger</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.6pt;">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">Over these years he carries out many <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">commissions for public gardens in Madrid, </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">Valencia</span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">, Alicante, Barcelona, the Costa </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">Brava and the Canary Islands.</span></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 24.65pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 24.65pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"><b>1956-61</b> He carries out a large number bf public <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">parks, fountains, squares, gardens and open spaces in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. As </span>an improvement in the economy takes <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">place, Catalonia experiences a cultural </span>awakening and Rubio reappears in the <span style="letter-spacing: -0.15pt;">journal <i>Cuadernos de Arquitectura </i>where he insists on some of his favourite subjects: the </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">controversy in relation to orthodox </span>nationalism, thoughts on <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">"Brunelleschianism" on "Noucentista" </span>architecture, etc...</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 24.65pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 24.65pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"><b>1962</b> He alters the Romea theatre and enlarges <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">the "Casa del Algodon" (Cotton House) on </span>the Gran Via Avenue.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 24.65pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 24.65pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.25pt;"><b>1973</b> Final trip to Africa.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 24.65pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 24.65pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"><b>1975</b> He travels around the world.</span></div><div align="center" class="MsoBodyTextFirstIndent2" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 24.65pt; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"><b>1977</b> He is given the F.A.D. prize for his <span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">cooperation in the new placing of the </span>monument to Dr. Robert in Tetuan Square, Barcelona.</span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"><b>1978</b> Comi</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small; letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">ssioned by Barcelona Corporation, he </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;">plans and carries out the garden in front of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.1pt;">the north facade of the “Sagrada Familia” </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">Church, which will be opened six months </span>after his death.</span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br />
</span></div><div class="MsoList" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif; margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"><span style="letter-spacing: -0.3pt;"></span></span></div><div class="MsoBodyText" style="background-color: #93c47d; color: black; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: small;"><b>1981</b> He dies in Barcelona The publishing house called “Tusquets” publish <i>Del paraiso aljardin latino, </i>an <span style="letter-spacing: -0.25pt;">outstanding and very beautiful study of the origins and evolution of the garden, from </span>the mythical and legendary gardens of <span style="letter-spacing: -0.2pt;">pleasure and happiness up to the Latin </span><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt;">garden. The book was written in 1953.</span></span></div><div align="center" class="MsoList" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-indent: 0cm;"><br />
</div></div><div align="center" class="MsoList" style="margin-left: 0cm; text-align: center; text-indent: 0cm;"><br />
</div>Francisco Muñoz Martínezhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11434950848591861690noreply@blogger.com